此文档是毕业设计外文翻译成品（ 含英文原文+中文翻译），无需调整复杂的格式！下载之后直接可用，方便快捷！本文价格不贵,也就几十块钱！一辈子也就一次的事！外文标题：Types of Grammatical Metaphors in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban外文作者：Nesa Nabifar, Hamed Kazemzad文献出处:The Journal of Applied Linguistics,2018,Vol.5,Issue1(如觉得年份太老，可改为近2年，毕竟很多毕业生都这样做)英文1689单词，10024字符，中文2478汉字。原文：Types of Grammatical Metaphors in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of AzkabanNesa Nabifar, Hamed KazemzadGrammatical Metaphor (GM) is one of the fresh language phenomena introduced by Halliday (1985) in the framework of functional grammar. Thompson (2004) states that the salient source of GM would be Nominalization where a noun form attempts to represent a verb form or in other words, a verb form with its different process is represented in a noun form. He continues that any wording is ought to be either metaphorical or congruent wording. In this study the story of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban was explored in search of GMs deployed throughout the first two chapters. This study tended to identify the instances of nominalization types of GM in the first two chapters of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban and offer the congruent wording. As the next step, the congruent wordings were compared with metaphorical wording in order to find out the lexical density of each wording. The lexical density was obtained by Concordance software. The result of study illustrated , in a very crystal-clear way, the advantage of GM in adult writing which is stated to be one of the noticeable points regarding GM by Halliday (1985).The result obtained statistically revealed that the deployment of GM increases the lexical density, which again was claimed by Halliday (2004) as one of the other salient points about GM. Based on the findings of this study, some implications can be drawn for academic writing and reading as well as for teachers involved in writing and reading pedagogy.Keywords: Grammatical Metaphors, Types, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of AzkabanMany language studies involve the exploration of the relationship between language and meaning. In fact, the relationship between words and meanings in one hand, and how they make such a meaningful make up on the other hand have always been of paramount interest for many of language scholars. Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), based on the work of Halliday (1985), deals with this relationship by developing the concept of Grammatical Metaphor (GM). GM is a phenomenon arising from the stratification of the content plane in a language. According to SFL, a language is a complex semiotic system with various strata (Halliday & Matthiessen, 1999). On the other hand, the content plane of any language revolves around two strata of semantics and lexicogrammar (Yanning, 2008). Semantic stratum deals with the transformation of human experience and interpersonal relationships into meanings while the lexicogrammar stratum which unifies the lexical and grammatical parts of language, is concerned with the further transformation of meanings into wordings. Halliday and Matthiessen (1999) claim that semantic and lexico-grammatical stratum in a language are related by the means of realization. In the development of human languages, this realizational relationship evolves first as patterns where semantic units are congruently mapped onto lexico- grammatical ones. For example, semantic unit of sequence is congruently realized through the grammatical category of clause complex. The congruent patterns are not the only form of realization because the stratified content plane has the potential for the realignment of mapping between semantic and lexico- grammatical units. For instance, semantic unit of sequence can be realized grammatically as a clause or even a group instead of a clause complex. This realignment of the relationship between semantics and lexicogrammar, as defined by Halliday and Matthiessen (1999), is the phenomenon of GM. For this reason, the researcher hopes the present study will shed light on the linguistic knowledge about the grammatical metaphor used in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban helping writers, readers, teachers, students and translators to understand language more effectively.MetaphorMetaphor is one of the well-known phenomena in language and literature. It has always received a lot of attention from different disciplines such as philosophy, psychology, linguistics and literary studies (Taverniers, 2004). Metaphor, in fact, is a kind of movement in which one thing is moved beyond itself to be something different (Taverniers, 2004). Following are two examples:The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying types of ideational grammatical metaphors and types of processes in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. This part elaborates on methodological dimensions, i.e., the data collection, explaining the procedure, the research design, as well as the data analysis.Research QuestionsBased on th