此文档是毕业设计外文翻译成品（ 含英文原文+中文翻译），无需调整复杂的格式！下载之后直接可用，方便快捷！本文价格不贵,也就几十块钱！一辈子也就一次的事！外文标题：Towards Single-Chip Diversity TMR for Automotive Applications外文作者：Omar Hiari, Waseem Sadeh, and Osamah Rawashdeh文献出处:IEEE International Conference on Electro/information Technology,2018,1-6(如觉得年份太老，可改为近2年，毕竟很多毕业生都这样做)英文4589单词， 24706字符(字符就是印刷符)，中文6989汉字。Towards Single-Chip Diversity TMR for Automotive ApplicationsOmar Hiari, Waseem Sadeh, and Osamah RawashdehElectrical and Computer Engineering DepartmentOakland University Rochester, Michiganomhiarioakland.edu, wasadehoakland.edu, rawashd2oakland.edAbstractThe continuous requirement to provide safe, low- cost, compact systems makes applications such as automotive more prone to increasing types of faults. This may result in increased system failure rates if not addressed correctly. While some of the faults are not permanent in nature, they can lead to malfunctioning in complex circuits and/or software systems. Moreover, automotive applications have recently adopted the ISO26262 to provide a standard for defining functional safety. One of the recommended schemes to tolerate faults is Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR). However, traditional TMR designs typically consume too much space, power, and money all of which are undesirable for automotive. In addition, common mode faults have always been a concern in TMR which their effects would be increasing in compact systems. Errors such as noise and offset that impact a TMR sensor input can potentially cause common mode failures that lead to an entire system failure. In this paper, we introduce a new architecture and implementation for diverse TMR in a speed measurement system that would serve automotive cost and safety demands. Diversity TMR is achieved on a single chip by designing functionally identical circuits each in a different design domain to reduce the potential of common mode failures. Three versions of a speed sensing application are implemented on a mixed-signal Programmable System on Chip (PSoC) from Cypress Semiconductors. We introduce errors that impact speed sensor signals as defined by the ISO26262 standard to evaluate DTMR. Our testing shows how DTMR can be effective to different types of errors that impact speed sensor signals.Keywords-component; TMR; DTMR; SEUs; ISO26262; Functional Safety; Fault Tolerance;I.INTRODUCTIONIn recent times, Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) has become one of the common effective error mitigation methods used to increase system reliability. TMR has been used in both aeronautic and ground systems. In aviation system applications, such as the Boeing 777, TMR is implemented across all systems to ensure reliable operation 16. In addition, as automotive systems are moving towards safety critical x-by-wire systems, fault tolerant methods such as TMR are needed due to high reliability requirements. As a result, as higher standards for reliability become necessary, the cost and unit size still need to be kept at a minimum.Two of the main constraints in automotive are cost and size. The nature of the automotive industry being focused on mass produced products makes it more cost driven. Size is also critical to reduce the overall vehicle weight. Nevertheless, TMR has traditionally been obtained by triplication of hardware functionality to reduce effects of common mode errors. Traditional approaches therefore are not the most cost or size effective for applications such as automotive. In addition, memory, power, and clock signals could be either shared or physically separate while using a single chip depending on how much separation is required. Therefore, SoCs provide a more cost effective platform on which TMR can be implemented. More of those implementations have to be studied, however, to understand how much of an advantage is gained over existing schemes.As functional safety is becoming more prevalent in automotive applications, challenges are increasing to address the different environment effects to maintain highly reliable systems. Functional safety standards, such as the ISo 26262, have been developed to establish a baseline, which applications are required to meet. The reliability of an embedded system unit involves many different aspects such as; sensors and/or actuators, software, environment and EMC, integrated circuits, and verification and validation.Automotive Safety Integrity Levels (ASILs) have been introduced as part of the recently released ISo26262 standard to evaluate the safety of automotive systems. System electronic modules are assigned an ASIL to indicate the level of safety a module can provide. ASIL D is the rating for the most dependable systems and ASIL A for the least dependable systems. Therefore to meet a certain ASIL level, a component design must incorporate all necessary fault detection and mitigation techniques required for achieving that level 15.In the ISo26262 TMR, among other fault mitigation methods, is highlighted as