Lesson,Device Management,What is a driver? 2. What is the function of driver?,Warm-up Exercises,motherboard 主板 driver 驱动器 laser pulse 激光脉冲 high-priority blocks 高优先级块 manufacturer 制造商 queue 队列 buffer 缓冲区 serial port 串行端口 modem 调制解调器,Words Preparation,The path between the operating system and virtually all hardware not on the computers motherboard goes through a special program called a driver. Much of a drivers function is to be the translator between the electrical signals of the hardware subsystems and the high-level programming languages of the operating system and application programs. Drivers take data that the operating system has defined as a file and translate them into streams of bits placed in specific locations on storage devices, or a series of laser pulses in a printer.,驱动器取得操作系统定义为文件的数据，将其变成位流，放在存储设备中的特定位置，或变成打印机的一系列激光脉冲。,Because there are such wide differences in the hardware controlled through drivers, there are differences in the way that the driver programs function, but most are run when the device is required, and function much the same as any other process. The operating system will frequently assign high-priority blocks to drivers so that the hardware resource can be released and readied for further use as quickly as possible.,操作系统经常对驱动器分配高优先级块，使硬件资源可以尽快释放，用于其他方面。,One reason that drivers are separate from the operating system is so that new functions can be added to the driver - and thus to the hardware subsystems - without requiring the operating system itself to be modified, recompiled and redistributed. Through the development of new hardware device drivers, development often performed or paid for by the manufacturer of the subsystems rather than the publisher of the operating system, input/output capabilities of the overall system can be greatly enhanced.,驱动器与操作系统分开的原因之一是驱动器和硬件子系统可以增加新功能，而操作系统本身不用修改、重新编译和发布。,Managing input and output is largely a matter of managing queues and buffers, special storage facilities that take a stream of bits from a device, perhaps a keyboard or a serial port, hold those bits, and release them to the CPU at a rate slow enough for the CPU to cope with. This function is especially important when a number of processes are running and taking up processor time. The operating system will instruct a buffer to continue taking input from the device, but to stop sending data to the CPU while the process using the input is suspended. Then, when the process needing input is made active once again, the operating system will command the buffer to send data.,管理输入与输出主要就是管理保存这些位的队列与缓冲区（这是特殊的存储设备，从键盘、串口之类设备取得位流，并按足够慢的速度将其释放到CPU，使CPU能够处理。,This process allows a keyboard or a modem to deal with external users or computers at a high speed even though there are times when the CPUcant use input from those sources. Managing all the resources of the computer system is a large part of the operating systems function and, in the case of real-time operating systems, may be virtually all the functionality required. For other operating systems, though, providing a relatively simple, consistent way for applications and humans to use the power of the hardware is a crucial part of their reason for existing.,但对于其他操作系统，提供相对简单、一致的方式让应用程序和人们利用硬件的功能是其存在的主要原因。,The main circuit board of a microcomputer. The motherboard contains the connectors for attaching additional boards. Typically, the motherboard contains the CPU, BIOS, memory, mass storage interfaces, serial and parallel ports, expansion slots, and all the controllers required to control standard peripheral devices, such as the display screen, keyboard, and disk drive. Collectively, all these chips that reside on the motherboard are known as the motherboards chipset. On most PCs, it is possible to add memory chips directly to the motherboard. You may also be able to upgrade to a faster PC by replacing the CPU chip. To add additional core features, you may need to replace the motherboard entirely. Motherboard is sometimes abbreviated as mobo.,Motherboard,Modem,Buffer is an intermediate repository of dataa reserved portion of memory in which data is temporarily held pending an opportunity to complete its transfer to or from a storage device or another location in memory. Some devices, such as printers or the adapters supporting them, commonly have their own buffers.,Device that enables computers, facsimile machines, and other equipment to communicate with each other across telephone lines or over cable television network cables.,Buffers,Questions,What is a driver? What is the function of driver? What does “device management” really mean? How to manage input and output?,Translate the text into Chinese,Simple writing,Please describe the virtual memory management process., THANK YOU！ ,