课件上找的1) classicism2) realism3) sentimentalism1. Epic: 史诗A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral form and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.2. Alliteration: 头韵A rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）.3. Kenning: 比喻的复合辞(=metaphor) A figurative, usually compound expression used in place of a name or noun, especially in Old English and Old Norse poetry; for example, storm of swords is a kenning for battle.4. Understatement: expressing something in a controlled way.5. Romance: 传奇 A long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.6. Renaissance文艺复兴（欧洲14至16世纪）Renaissance in European history, refers to the period between 14th century to 17th century.“Renaissance” means “revival”, the revival of interest in and getting rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introducing new ideas that express the interests of the rising bourgeoisie. The Renaissance, which means “rebirth” or “revival”, is actually an intellectual movement with a thirsting curiosity for classical literature (Ancient Greek and Roman culture) and the keen interest in the activities of humanity. It started in Italy and ended in England and Spain. 7. Spenserian stanza: （英国诗人）斯宾塞诗体A nine-line stanza with the following rhyme scheme: ababbcbcc. The first eight lines are written in iambic pentameter. The ninth line is written in iambic hexameter.8. Humanism: Key-note of the Renaissance, and the very weapon for the bourgeoisie to use in its fight against feudalism restrictions and the dominating influence of the church, which had ruled mens minds for centuries.(课件的)Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. According to humanists, human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection and the world can be questioned, explored and enjoyed.（找的）9. The Elizabeth Age The Elizabeth Age (1558-1603): England enjoyed peaceful development under the rule of Queen Elizabeth I, who maintained a balance of between the Protestants and the Catholics.10. Sonnet: (十四行诗)A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea. 11. Blank verse(无韵诗): Verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.12. The English Commonwealth英国联邦It is founded by Oliver Cromwell and the parliament army; The Revolution Period is also called Puritan Age-religious cloak.13.14. Metaphysical :(玄学派)Metaphysical is a school of poetry appeared about the beginning of the 17th century.Generally speaking, the works of the Metaphysical poets are characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form.玄学派一般指17世纪出现的一个诗歌流派。玄学派诗歌一反传统惯例，好用别出心裁的奇喻，追求使人感到新奇甚至震惊的效果。总而言之，它们在内容上晦涩难懂，形式上标新立异。15. Enlightenment: 启蒙运动 An intellectual movement, the expression of struggle of the progressive bourgeoisie against feudalism. The Enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudice and other survivals of feudalism.网上找的16. Heroic couplet: （introduced by Geoffrey Chaucer）It is the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter, a verse form in epic poetry, with lines of ten syllables and five stresses, in rhyming pairs.英雄诗体/英雄双韵体：用于史诗或叙事诗，每行十个音节，五个音部，每两行押韵。17. couplet（两行诗，对句）: Two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme.A heroic couplet is an iambic pentameter couplet. During the Restoration period and the 18th C. it was a popular verse form.18. iambic pentameter: 抑扬格五音步 A poetic line consisting of five Verse feet (penta- is from a Greek word meaning five), with each foot an iamb- that is, an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.19. Alliteration（押头韵）: a repeated initial(开头的) consonant(协调,一致) to successive(连续的) words.20. Understatement（低调陈述）（for ironical humor）21. Chronicle编年史（a monument of Old English prose）22. Ballads （民谣）（The most important department of English folk literature ）A ballad is a narrative poem that tells a story, and is usually meant to be sung or recited in musical form. An important stream of the Medieval folk literature.23. DramaA composition in prose or verse, adapted to be acted upon a stage, in which a story is related by means of dialogue and action, and is represented with accompanying gesture, costume, and scenery, as in real life.24. Comedy(喜剧)（Drama form）A play written chiefly to amuse its audience by appealing to a sense of superiority over the characters depicted.25. Tragedy（Drama form） A serious play or novel representing the disastrous downfall of a central character, the protagonist.26. Blank Verse （无韵诗） Unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter.27. Allegory（寓言） A story with a double meaning: a primary or surface meaning, and a secondary or unde