A clear conscience 问心无愧,Lesson 45,New words and expressions clear adj. kli adj.晴朗的, 清澈的；无愧的, 清白的；清楚的, 明白的；畅通的, 无阻的 adv.清晰地, 清楚地；完全, 一直 vi.转晴 vt.扫除, 清除；(从电脑中)消除(数据)；证明无罪; 宣告无罪,conscience n.knns 良心，道德心 wallet n. wlit 皮夹，钱夹 savings n.sevz 存款 villager n. vilid村民 per cent psent百分之,1A clear conscience 问心无愧 clear在这里的含义为“清白的”、“无罪的”，因此这个短语又可译为“清白的良心”，相当于 a good conscience，反义词为 a bad conscience（感到内疚）。,Language points,2The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost. 整个村子很快知道，有一大笔钱丢失了。 （1）village在这里为总称，指“村民”，the whole village指“全村的人”，后面通常跟单数动词（有时也可视为复数）： The whole village excited by the news. 这消息使全村的人兴奋。 （2）learn在句中的含义为“获悉”、“得知”： 我刚刚得知她病了。,was,Ive just learnt that she was ill.,3Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office. taking为现在分词。与动名词相似，它也可以有自己的宾语、状语等。在连词while之后，现在分词短语的作用相当于一个时间状语从句：while he was taking his savings to the post office。现在分词这样用的前提是两个动词的主语是同一个，并且这两个动作通常是同时发生的： 他一边打扫房间一边听音乐。 如果是主语不一致则必须用从句： 我打扫房间时，他在听音乐。,He listened to music while cleaning the room.,He listened to music while I was cleaning the room.,4Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers must用于对过去已发生的事进行推测时，后面的动词要用完成式： When I arrived, he wasnt here. 我到这儿的时候他已不在了。他一定早走了。,He must have left early.,5it contained half the money he had lost, 我们既可以说 half the money，也可以说 half of the money，它们可以互相替代，但是money前都必须有the，因为是指特定的钱。再如： 这面包有一半已变质了。,Half the bread/ half of the bread was bad.,6In time, all Sams money was paid back in this way. （1）in time可以表示“经过一段时间”或“最终”、“迟早”： In time, he found all the books he needed. 一段时间以后，他找到了他需要的所有书。 我最终总有一天会把一切都告诉你的。 （2）in this way表示“用这样的方式”： 你必须注意你的拼写。这样你才能最终成为一个好秘书。 You must pay attention to your spelling. In this way, you can become a good secretary in time.,Ill tell you everything in time.,被动语态 一、什么是语态？ 语态是英语动词的一种表现形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。,二、语态的种类： （1）主动语态 （2）被动语态,三、被动语态的构成：(八种时态下的被动语态）,am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 2) has /have been done 现在完成时 3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时 4)was/were done 一般过去时 5)had been done 过去完成时,Visitors are asked not to touch the exhibits.(展品）,All the preparations for the task have been completed,A new cinema is being built here,I was given ten minutes to decide.,By the end of last year, another new gym had been completed in Beijing.,6)was/were being done 过去进行时 7)shall/will be done 一般将来时 8） should/would be done 过去将来时 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1）带情态动词的被动结构 其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。,A meeting was being held when I was there.,Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.,The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.,The baby can be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.,5、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题 1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来 的时态。如：She often cleans the house. The house is often cleaned by her. 2.有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时， 通常变为主语的是间接宾语（sb.）,His mother gave him a present for his birthday,He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.,3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时， 将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动.,Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette(香烟）,=The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.,4）在使役动词have, make, get以及 感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等变为被动结构时，要加to,Someone saw a stranger walk into the building,=A stranger was seen to walk into the building.,5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组， 如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等， 也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体， 不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。,The meeting is to be put off till Friday,一、系动词 taste, smell, feel, sound, prove 等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:,1这些花闻起来很香。 2那听起来很有道理。 3那食物尝起来很可口。,These flowers smell sweet.,That sounds very reasonable.,The food tastes delicious.,二、某些与 cant wont 等连用的不及物动 词，如move, lock, shut, open 等可用主动 形式表达被动意义。如：,1盒子不能移动。 2门不会关。,The box cant move.,The door wont shut.,三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能 的不及物动词，如 sell, write, wash, clean, last(耐久), wear(耐穿), 等可用主动形式表 达被动意义. 如:,This kind of food sells well. 这种食物畅销。,This cloth washes well and lasts long. 这布料经洗、耐穿。,The floor doesnt clean easily. 这地板不容易弄干净。,五、形容词 worth 后面要用动名词的主 动形式表示被动意义。如：,1小说值得一读。 2事情值得做。,The novel is worth reading.,The thing is worth doing.,四、在动词 require, need, want 等动词之 后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。,1树需要浇水。 2孩子需要照顾。 3电视机需要修理。,The trees need watering.,Children want looking after.,The TV needs mending.,六、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义：,不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成 动宾关系时，如：,我有许多事情要做。 他有几项任务要完成。,I have a lot of things to do.,He has several tasks to complete.,2. 在“系动词+形容词+不定式”结构中， 常见句型有：,n. +be + too + adj. + to do The plane is too high to see. 2) n. +be + adj. + enough + to do The book is cheap enough for me to buy. 3) n. + be + adj. + to do The question is not easy to answer.,（一）改写句子 1. We plant trees in spring every year. _ by us in spring every year. 2. She posted the letter yesterday. _ by her yesterday. 3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present. _a birthday present by Mr Turner. 4. He is drawing a picture. _ by him. 5. You may hand in your homework tomorrow. _ by you tomorrow. 6. She is going to write a letter. _ by her.,Tre