比较文学是一种以寻求人类文学共通规律和民族特色为宗旨的文学研究。它是以世界文学的眼光，运用比较的方法，对各种文学关系进行的跨文化的研究。一个国家或民族的文学思潮、文学运动队另一个国家或民族文学发展的影响,不同国家具体作家的相互影响Unit 1 Traces of the pastFurther practice in listeningShort conversationsScriptsConversation 1W: Hi, John. Im back. Did any of my friends call me? We were supposed to meet at the bar for drinks, and then go to the cinema. But they never showed up.M: Sorry. Ive been home since I came back from the office and the phone never rang once.Q: Where does the conversation probably take place?Conversation 2M: Not all great people are famous; take Jack Kilby as an example.W: Right. Jack Kilby invented the microchip, and received the Nobel Prize. But only a small part of the public knows of him. Its very surprising.Q: What does the woman think is very surprising?Conversation 3W: I dont quite understand what made Charlie Chaplin such a popular movie star.M: Are you serious? Look at Charlie Chaplins works and compare them to other films of the time. He was so original that people were really surprised by his films.Q: What does the man say about Charlie Chaplin5s films?Conversation 4W: Whats the greatest invention of the last few hundred years?M: Lets see. The computer, the car, the phone? No, I think its the light bulb. This invention has changed the world more than anything else.Q: Which invention does the man think changed the world most?Conversation 5W: Our play last night was a great success. Were all proud of Bob.M: Yes. But if Bob had remembered all his lines, his performance would have been more natural.Q: What does the man mean?Long conversationScriptsW: Hey, Bob, Im taking care of my cousin this weekend. Can you think of any fun things for us to do?M: You guys should go see the new Harr-y Potter movie!W: Thats a great idea! J. K. Rowling is such an inspiration. I just watched an interview with her on BBC news. Did you know her first book was rejected by 12 different publishers? Everyone told her to get a different job, and that she wouldnt be able to make any money by writing childrens books.M: Yeah, its hard to believe that once she was really poor but now shes so wealthy. She came up with the idea for Harry Potter at a cafe in London no, wait, I think it was a bookstore in Manchester . right?W: Haha, almost! It was actually on a train between London and Manchester. But she did write in cafes a lot. She could only write when her baby daughter was sleeping, so she took her on long walks around the neighborhood to get her to fall asleep. She would usually end up in a cafe and write as much as possible before her baby woke up again.M: Did J. K. Rowling say what shes going to write next in her interview? I cant wait to see what she will write after her Harry Potter books!W: No. She keeps her future plans a secret. Personally, I hope she writes more magic stories, with flying horses and lots of animals!M: Not me. I hope she works on more serious material. Id love to read stories with historical settings and big battle scenes!Q1: What does the man suggest that the woman do this weekend?Q2: Where did J. K. Rowling come up with the idea for Harry Potter? Q3: What are J. K. Rowlings future plans?Q4: What are the two speakers mainly talking about?Passage 1ScriptsStephen Glenn is a famous research scientist. When he was interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was so much more creative than the average person, he responded that it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about two years old.He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his hold on the bottle and it fell, spilling milk all over the kitchen floor. When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of shouting at him, giving him a lecture or punishing him, she said, “What a wonderful mess you have made! Well, the damage has already been done. You know, Stephen, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and bring everything to its proper order.” So together they cleaned up the spilled milk. His mother then said, “What we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let5s go out in the backyard and fill the bottle with water, and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it.” The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful lesson!This famous scientist then remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didnt need to be afraid to make mistakes. Instead, mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about.Q1: What happened when Stephen tried to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator?Q2: What did Stephens mother do when she came into the kitchen?Q3: What did Stephens mother teach him late