Unit 1 Great scientists Reading,Pre-reading,1.What impresses you most in 2003?,Which person impresses you most during the SARS?,What other infectious diseases do you know?,For example: When you eat some food that is not fresh,You may feel,Maybe you have got _.,Cholera,draw a conclusion,think of a method,collect results,make a question,find a problem,analyse the results,find supporting evidence,find a problem,make a question,think of a method,collect results,analyse the results,draw a conclusion,How to prove a new idea in scientific research?,find supporting evidence,John Snow defeats “King cholera”,Reading,John Snow defeats “king cholera”,What can you learn from the title?,人物： 事件：,defeats cholera,Who is John Snow?,What happened to them?,Queen Victoria,John Snow 约翰.斯诺(1813 1858), 英国麻醉学家、 流行病专家。他首次提出了 预防霍乱的措施。1854年, 伦敦霍乱流行, 斯诺通过研究 霍乱病死者的日常生活情况, 寻找到他们的共同行为模式, 发现了霍乱与饮用不洁水的 关系, 由于及时切断了二者 的联系, 有效制止了霍乱的 流行。,Four outbreaks of cholera in the 1830s and 1840s killed many people in England. In 1854, “the most terrible outbreak of cholera which ever occurred in the kingdom” began. It was so violent and sudden that 127 people died in the first three days.,The terrible cholera,Bacteria/germs of cholera,What was the cause of this illness? How did John Snow find it out?,Skim the text and find the main idea of the text.,The passage is mainly about: _ _,How John Snow found the cause of the cholera and defeated it.,Fastreading:,Read the passage quickly and find the number below and the relevant happenings in the passage.,The first suggested thatmultiplied in the air; The second suggested absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.,Another outbreak hit London.,More than 500 people had died in 10 days.,These numbers in Broad Street near the water pump had many of the deaths,20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street had no deaths. They didnt drink the water from the Broad Street pump.,These families worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.,16,37,20,8,9,pump,38,40,BROAD STREET,CAMBRIDGE STREET,21,John Snows Cholera Map,7,Pub,What is the problem?,The cholera was the most deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.,What caused cholera?,Make a question: Which theory to believe in?,Idea 1,Idea 2,Cholera multiplied in the air without reason. A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.,People absorbed it with their meals.,Which one do you believe more? What about John Snow?,A map of Broad Street,What method did he use?,Broad Street,Many deaths happened here.,No death happened here.,It seemed the water from the pump was to blame. What did he do next?,Public house,analyze the results: What happened to the pump water?,The water was from the river which had been polluted by the dirty water from London.,Paragraph 5,find supporting evidence : What extra evidence did he find?,two other deaths,A woman and her daughter who lived far away but drank the water also died.,draw a conclusion with certainty,The polluted water carried the disease.,Paragraphs 6+7,(Para 6) What was another supporting evidence?,(Para 5) He looked into the source of the water,John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.,Read the passage and number these events in the order that they happened.,John Snow began to test two theories.,An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.,He announced that the water carried the disease.,John Snow marked the deaths on a map.,2,1,4,7,Carefulreading:,King Cholera was defeated.,He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.,He had the handle removed from the water pump.,John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.,3,8,5,6,1.Draw a conclusion:(得出结论) 2.Think of a method:(找出研究方法) 3.Collect results:(收集材料) 4.Make a question:(形成研究主题) 5.Find a problem:(发现问题) 6.Analyse results:(分析材料) 7. Find supporting evidence(找到能确证的证据),5,4,2,3,6,7,1,Stages in examining a new scientific idea:,What caused cholera?,Which theory is correct?,Collect data on those who were ill or died and where they got their water.,Fill in the blanks.,Plot information on a map to find out where people died or did not die.,Analyse the water to see if that is the cause of the illness.,Find other evidence to support the analysis.,The water is to blame. The source of all drinking water should be examined so that it is safe.,Match them,Para 7,Prevention of Cholera,1. John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?,John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.,Read and answer the questions.,2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map? Give a reason.,No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had m