【定语从句】定语从句顺口溜1.定从分类有奥妙, 限与非限看逗号;定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜；定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系；2.关系代词有六个，听我逐一来说破；which表物人用who,人物都有that顾；which用在逗号后，意表前句你要know;who做主语很称职，whom用到宾语里；3.that用法真有趣， 两个地方它不去；逗号后边它不去， 介词之后不考虑；4.That which代表物，区别听我来叙述；先行若是不定代，that就把which 踹；先行词前有两数， 就用that定无误；先行词前最高级， 还用that必无疑；句中若有there be, that应把which替；先行主中做表语， 避免重复从句里；（Just the only very same last, 其后也要用that;）5.指人可用that who, 以下情况多用who;Those people做先行，There be的结构中；先行指人不定代，从中做主who要在；两个定从一起来，不要重复你有才；6.定从之中少定语，whose为你唱一曲；Whose指人又指物，所属关系要记住。7.As/which在句末，若有否定as错；句首只能用as,还有认知猜想词；固定结构用as, the same /such/so/as;So /such that宾不离，so/suchas宾要弃；8.关系代词到这里，主宾表定作用起；关系代词做宾语，省与不省全靠你；9.关系副词when/where/why, 从中做状莫懈怠；时间用when原因why,地点where经常在；关系副词可替换，介词加上关系代；关系代，关系代，that与who要除外；挑选介词要聪明，必看动词和先行；聪明反被聪明误，只因乱用关系副；关系副，关系副，定缺主宾它不住；它不住，它不住，关系代词来玩酷；10.只记上边不可以，特殊情况告诉你；先行用way 做状语, in which/ that /略可以；one of +复做先行，从中谓语复数明，one前若有only/very, 从中谓语定用单 ；定从名从可转换，all that被 what换；定语从句顺口溜分段解析：1. 定从分类有奥妙, 限与非限看逗号;定语从句分为两大类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，区分它们有两个标准：1）从内容上看，限制性定语从句与它所修饰的先行词关系紧密，不可去掉，去掉后意思就不完整了；非限制性定语从句只对先行词起补充说明的作用，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。2）从形式上看，限制性定语从句与先行词之间没有逗号隔开，而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开。请看例句：The girl who is wearing a blue necklace is Mary.(限制性)The girl, who is also a student, is planting trees in the field.(非限制性)解析：第一句中的who is wearing a blue necklace是限制性定语从句，没有逗号，不那去掉，否则意思不完整。定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜；例句：1)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you.有人要和你讲话。2)Those who were for the plan raised their hands.那些赞成计划的举起了手。3)This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。解析：例句中somebody、those是代词，novel是名词，是被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词，可以做先行词的是名词和代词两类。定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系；定语从句都在先行词之后，连接定从和先行词的词，叫做关系词。关系词有两类：关系代词和关系副词。关系词要注意两点：1）它的人称、数和意思完全等同于先行词，2）关系词在定语从句中做一定的句子成分。例句 1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男生们是一班的。解析：whoboys , 在定语从句中做主语，所以其后谓语用are。例句 2) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩子喜欢的运动。解析：which=game, 在定语从句中做主语。例句 3）I still remember the day when I first came to the school.我仍然还记得第一次到学校的那一天。解析：when是关系副词on the day, 在定语从句中做时间状语。例句 4）The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.十年前我住的房子已经被拆了。解析：where是关系副词in the house, 在定语从句中做地点状语。例句 5）Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你没赶上飞机的原因。解析：why是关系副词for the reason, 在定语从句中做原因状语。2. 关系代词有六个，听我逐一来说破；六个关系代词是：that/which/ who/ whom/ whose/ as ， 注意关系代词在定语从句中做主宾表定语。which表物人用who,人物都有that顾；先行词是物，关系代词用which，也可以用that;先行词是人，关系代词用who,也可以用that;先行词中既有人，又有物，关系代词只能用that。例句 1) This is the mountain village (which/ that ) I visited last year. 这就是我去年参观的那个山村。解析：先行词mountain village是物，可用which或that, 因为定语从句中visit后缺宾语，说明which或that应该在定从中做宾语，所以还可以省略。例句 2）The man(that/whom / who ) you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人是我的朋友。解析：先行词man表人，关系词可以用who/that/whom，因为定语从句中缺宾语，关系代词应该在定语从句中做宾语，所以可以省略；另外，whom是专门用来做宾语用的，而who则只是在口语中才用。例句 3）This magazine belongs to the teacher who(that) teaches us history. 这本杂志是我们历史老师的。解析：先行词teacher是人，关系代词用who或that, 因为在定语从句中做主语，所以不能省略。例句 4）He talked about the teachers and schools (that) he had visited. 他谈到了他所见到的老师和学校。解析：先行词 the teachers and schools 中既有人又有物，关系代词只能用 that, 又因为that在定语从句中做宾语，所以又可以省略。which用在逗号后，意表前句你要know;这是which用在非限制性定语从句中的一个用法。例句1）He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。解析：which是关系代词，指代前面的一句话：他似乎没抓住我的意思。例句2）Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。解析：which是关系代词，指代前面的一句话：液态水变为蒸汽。who做主语很称职，whom用到宾语里；先行词是表示人的词，定语从句中如果缺主语，要用who做关系代词，如果缺宾语，正规场合下用whom, 口语中也可以用who。例句 1）He is the boy who often goes to school late. 他就是那个经常上学迟到的男生。解析：先行词the boy 指人，后面的定语从句中缺少主语，因此用关系代词who。例句 2）She is the old woman whom I saw this morning. 她就是我今天早晨看到的那位老太太。解析：先行词the old woman指人，后面的定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用whom,口语中也可以用who。3.that用法真有趣， 两个地方它不去；逗号后边它不去， 介词之后不考虑；That做为关系代词，不可用在非限制性定语从句中，即不可用在逗号后边；定语从句中介词之后也不可使用。在逗号或介词后，指物时用which,指人时用who或whom。例句1）They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that解析：在介词of之后指物，选择C which。例句 2）The engineer with _my father works is about 50 years old. A. whose B. who C. which D. whom 解析：选择 D whom。介词后指人。例句 3）The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 解析：选择 D who。逗号后指人，在定语从句中做主语。 4.That which代表物，区别听我来叙述；先行若是不定代，that就把which 踹；当先行词为anything，everything，nothing，all，any，much，many，one等不定代词时，只能使用“that”, 不用 “which”。例：Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能给你做点什么吗？ 先行词前有两数， 就用that定无误；当先行词是基数词或序数词修饰时，只能使用“that”，不用 “which”。例句： That is the second time that I have been to Japan. 那是我去日本的第二次。 The two buildings that lay on the River Thames fell down last week. 坐落在泰晤士河岸边的那两座大楼上星期倒塌了。先行词前最高级， 还用that必无疑；当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that”, 不用 “which”。 例句：This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.这是我度过的最美好的时光。 句中若有there be, that应把which替；例：There is no evidence that animals possess a