Unit 4 Earthquakes,定语从句,先来看几个相关术语 1.定语 2.定语从句 3.先行词 4.关系词,1.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。,a clever boy The boiling water Fallen leaves The man who you are looking for,2.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句。,Do you know the man who came to see Xiao Yang this morning?,What is the function of the underlined part?,Tom is a handsome boy. The little boy needs a blue pen. The boy in the classroom needs a pen. The pen bought by her is made in China. The man standing there is my teacher. The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.,单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。 短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。,定语从句：一个句子充当定语,God helps those who help themselves. He who laughs last laughs best. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.,自助者天助。,谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。,世上无难事，只怕有心人。,Guess the meaning of the following proverbs,定语从句位置：一定放在被修饰成分之后。,This is a basket that I want to put flowers in. She is the girl who can speak English well.,定语从句的关系代词,1.who:指人，在定语从句中作主语。,This is the doctor. He saved my life.,This is the doctor who saved my life.,The girl is in our class. She likes Jay.,The girl who likes Jay is in our class.,whom: 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可 省略。,Do you know the man whom we saw yesterday? 你认识我们昨天看到的那个男人吗？,你刚才看到的那个人是我的老板。,The man whom you saw just now is my boss.,2.which:指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。,China is a country. It has a long history.,This is the book. You need it for the exam.,China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。（主语）,This is the book (which) you need for the exam. 这正是你考试所需要的书。（宾语）,3.that:可指人、物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。,The man is Zhang Yimou. He makes some good films.,The man that makes some good films is Zhang Yimou.,The noodles were delicious. I cooked the noodles.,The noodles that I cooked were delicious.,回顾,一、that和which用法的区别,先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。,I am sure she has something _ you can borrow.,(2) 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few 等修饰时,1、只能用that不用which的情况,(that),Do you have anything _ you dont understand?,(that),Please send us any information _ you have about the subject.,that,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,This is the first book _ he has read.,(that),It is the most beautiful city _ Ive ever seen.,that,(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。,This is the very book _ belongs to him.,that,He is the only person _ was present at the time.,that,(6) 先行词是who或which引导的主句。 Who is the girl _ drove the car?,(5)先行词既有人又有物时。,The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast are popular to the students.,that,that,(7)当关系代词在从句中作表语时：,Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. China is no longer the country that it used to be.,(1) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）。 There are many trees _ they can have a rest. This is the ring _ she spent 1000 dollars.,2、只用which不用that的情况,(2) 在非限制性定语从句中。 Football, _ is a very popular game, is played all over the world.,under which,on which,which,1.Her bag ,in which she put all her money, has been stolen. 2.This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.,2、在介词后面，指事物用 which，指人用whom.且关系代词不能省略。,二、只用who的情况,One _ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth. The ones _ laugh at the disabled are not good students. Anyone _ fails to finish the task should be punished. Those _ want to go to The Great Wall sigh up here.,who,who,who,who,先行词是one, ones, anyone, those时用who.,whose的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of which，或= of which + the + 名词。如： The novel whose title (= the title of which或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting.,whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。,whose的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of whom，或= of whom + the + 名词。如： The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend.,the usage of the relative adverb,when,where,why,time,place,reason,时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.,My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War broke out.,1. when,用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.,The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.,2. where,用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.,Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.,3. why,4. 关系副词的用法注意点,(1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that 或省略。如： This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country.,(2)当point, situation, case, 等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如： Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?,Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.,A、where B、that C、of whom D、which,A,先行词是situation, case, scene，一般用where,14. This is the same pen _I