关雾霾的部分词语、知识点及英文阅读 雾霾（fog and haze）是雾和霾的组合词。雾霾现象常见于城市。我国自2012年开始将“霾”并入“雾”一起作为灾害性天气现象进行预警预报，统称为“雾霾天气”。雾霾天气图形符号2013-12-15 19:39 上传下载附件 (42.77 KB) 雾和霾是有本质区别的：雾是由水汽组成，雾的其相对湿度（the relative humidity）一般在90%以上。水汽遇冷就结雾，再冷就是冷雾。一般雾的颗粒比较大，有几个或者十几个微米。雾在阳光或者是散射光照射下会呈偏白的颜色。雾影响能见度（visibility）。霾是比较干的颗粒物，霾的其相对湿度一般在80%以下。霾的颗粒物是非常小的，基本上为微米量级。霾的主要成分是细颗粒物（Fine particulate matter），也就是大家常说到的PM2.5，它的直径等于或者小于2.5微米，又被称为“可入肺颗粒物”。所以说，霾其实是一种污染物（pollutant）。霾的颜色一般是黄色或者褐色。霾对空气质量和能见度等有重要的影响。在城市里，雾和霾总是交织出现。雾本身是一种比较正常的天气现象，并没有污染；霾其实是一种污染物。雾由水汽组成，颗粒比较大；霾是比较干的颗粒物组成，颗粒非常小。雾呈偏白的颜色，霾的颜色一般是黄色或者褐色。PM2.5就是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物（particulate matter），可直接进入人体的alveoli of the lungs（肺泡），它的直径还不到人头发丝粗细的1/20。PM2.5主要来自burning of fossil fuels in vehicles（机动车燃油）, power plants（发电厂） 以及 various industrial processes（各类工业生产）。2013-12-15 22:05 上传下载附件 (230.69 KB) 英文阅读 People usually check whether their keys, wallets and phones are with them before going out. But many people in China now have one more important thing to take, a face mask (面罩). They hope that it can protect them from polluted air. Since January, many cities in China have seen a lot of hazy (雾蒙蒙的) days. In Beijing, only five days in January were free of smog (雾霾). People in Xian only saw a blue sky on one day in February. Smog is dirty air that looks like fog and smoke. An official for the Ministry of Environmental Protection told Beijing News that PM2.5 pollution is the main problem with air pollution. PM2.5 refers to pollution with small particles (颗粒) of 2.5 micrometers (微米) or less in diameter (直径). According to the Chinese Academy of Sciences, driving cars and burning coal (燃煤) are two major factors (原因) for PM2.5. Poor air is bad for peoples health, especially for children and the elderly. A report from Beijing Childrens Hospital shows that from Jan 5 to 11, half of the patients (病人) in the internal medicine department (内科门诊) are there for respiratory (呼吸的) problems. Air problems and environmental protection have become a concern for the whole nation. Premier Wen Jiabao made his last Government (政府) Work Report on March 5. The report said that the government should work hard to prevent pollution and give people a healthy living environment. It calls on people to make full use of energy and resources (资源) and cut down on energy use. “We should give people hope through our actions,” Wen said. Tips on a polluted day1. Dont do outdoor sports.2. If you have to go out, wear a mask. Read the instructions carefully before putting on one. If you dont wear it in the right way, you may feel dizzy (头晕的) and weak.3. Wash your face and clean your nose as soon as you get home. Fog and smog Fog (雾) is made up of tiny droplets of water, and also ice particles if its very cold.Smog is dirty air that looks like a mixture of smoke and fog. Smoke from cars and factories in cities are the main factors.Sweeping city skies We always check（检查）the weather before a trip. But after hearing a lot about air pollution(空气污染), we often wonder: 1 will the air be tomorrow? 2 Sept 1, forecasting air pollution (预报空气污染) started to be on TV. There are six grades, with the first grade 3 excellent air.The forecast helps us 4trips, and helps the government(政府) make plans to stop air pollution. China is trying its best to 5 the air.Big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai are taking the air pollution 6 first.On Sept 2, Beijing said it will 7 PM2.5 density (密度) by at least 25 percent by 2017.How will the city make it 8 ?Car emissions (排放物) is one of the main 9 of PM2.5 in big cities. So fewer cars will be in Beijing next year. It is also 10 congestion fees (拥堵费) from car driving in the city center.Theres a lot of PM2.5 in waste gas（废气）from factories(工厂). Beijing will close some 11 . If a company pollutes heavily, it will have to buy water and electricity (电) at a 12 price.In order to have more blue 13 , every one of us should also help.We can help by 14 buses instead of cars or taxies. We can 15 help by giving up smoking.So from now on, take action and do your part.()1. A. howB. whatC. whereD. why()2. A. AtB. OnC. InD. For()3. A. appearingB. hopingC. waitingD. meaning()4. A. reachB. seemC. planD. give()5. A. cleanB. washC. chooseD. decide()6. A. happilyB. comfortablyC. cheaplyD. seriously()7. A. turn downB. cut downC. write downD. fall down()8. A. care aboutB. dress upC. come trueD. find out()9. A. reasonsB. resultsC. programsD. services()10. A. bringing outB. reaching forC. learning aboutD. asking for()11. A. storesB. companiesC. banksD. cinemas()12. A. smallerB. lowerC. higherD. bigger()13. A. skiesB. squaresC. parksD. lakes()14. A. flyingB. ridingC. drivingD. taking()15. A. tooB. alsoC. justD. never企业一般可在支付平台上备案多个用于税费电子支