英语系毕业论文范文参考 Expecttheunexpected ButwhileXiwillhaveundeniableinfluenceonforeignrelations,thetruthisthatChinesepolicyrestsonmanyotheractorsbesidesthecountrysparamountleader.TensionsintheSouthChinaSeathisyearhavedemonstratedthatamyriadofministries,militaryleadersandlowerlevelofficialsoftenshapeChineseforeignrelations,asdoesChinesepublicopinion.OnereasonisthatChinasministerofforeignaffairsranksfarlowerthaninothercountries:AsanordinarymemberoftheCommunistPartyCentralCommittee,theforeignministerholdsthesamerankasthemorethan300membersofthatbody,SusanShirksaid. OneoftheworldsforemostexpertsonUSChinarelations,ShirkservedasdeputyassistantsecretaryofstateduringtheClintonAdministration.SheiscurrentlyaprofessorattheGraduateSchoolofInternationalRelationsandPacificStudiesattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andaseniordirectorofglobalstrategyfirmAlbrightStonebridgeGroup.Sheistheauthorofseveralbooks,including“China:FragileSuperpower,”whichaddressestherolepopularnationalismplaysinshapingChinesepolicy. ShirkspokewithChinaEconomicReviewabouthowChinasfragmentedforeignpolicycanleadtosometimesunpredictableoutes. YoudirectedUSforeignpolicytowardChinaaspartoftheClintonAdministration.HowhaveyouseenChineseforeignpolicyevolvesincethen? Today,ChinasinterestsandinternationalengagementshaveexpandedbeyondtheAsiaPacificneighborhoodtoLatinAmerica,Africa,theMiddleEastbasicallyeverypartoftheworld.SoChineseforeignpolicyismoreglobalizedthanitwasatthattime.AndChinaisstillintheprocessoftryingtofigureout,beyonditseconomicinterests,whatkindofroleitwantstoplayinthoseregionsandtheworld.Theyremakingitupastheygoalong.Idontthinkthisissomethingthatingnecessarilyenvisioned.IthinkChinaremainstornbetweenitstraditionalprinciplesofnoninterventionandthefactthatithasalotatstakeinallofthesesituations.Forexample,ChinaisreallymoredependentonoilfromtheMiddleEastandthePersianGulfthantheUnitedStatesis.Ithinkitfeelscrosspressuredtoplaysomekindofrolebutstillreluctanttoriskitsreputationincircumstanceswherethereisaveryuncertainoute. WhatistheChineseviewoftheUS“rebalancing”towardAsia? TheresalotofmisperceptionandablamegamegoingonbetweentheUSandChina.TheObamaAdministrationcameintoofficedeterminedfromdayonetoplayamoreactiveroleintheAsiaPacificregionacrosstheboardinallrespectseconomic,multilateral,diplomaticandsecurity.AndofcoursewhathappenedisthatChinasbehaviorturnedmoreassertiveinwaysthatalarmeditsneighborsandcreatedademandfromthemforaclosersecurityrelationshipwiththeUS.SofromtheUSperspective,thisissomethingnormal.Itspartofamultifacetedengagementintheregion,anditsalsoinresponsetoademandfromouralliesandfriendsintheregion,whohavebeeincreasinglyalarmedatChinassomewhatbullyingbehavior.Ofcourse,theChinesegovernmenthas,especiallyinitspropagandaathome,initsmediapublicstatementsathome,framedtherebalancingasanefforttocontainChina.ItscertainlynotanefforttocontainChina,butitisanefforttoretainasecuritybalanceintheregion,sothatChinasneighborsfeelmoresecure. YourdiscussionofChinesenationalismin“China:FragileSuperpower”wasveryinteresting,andImwonderingaboutyouropiniononChineseactionsinSouthChinaSeaandtheEastChinaSea.Somepeopleinterpretthisasthegovernmentstokingnationalistsentimenttodistractpeopleduringaleadershiptransition,andotherswouldinterpretitasthegovernmentbeingsortofheldhostagebypublicsentiment.Whatsyourviewofthatdynamic? PopularnationalismisanincreasinglyimportantconceptforChineseforeignpolicy TheEastChinaSeaisreallyafocalpointforthatpopularnationalism,becauseitinvolvesrelationswithJapan,whichhavebeenahotbuttondomesticissueinChinaforalongtime.TheSouthChinaSeaisdifferent.TheSouthChinaSeawasnotthefocusofalotofdomesticattentionuntilfairlyrecently.AndIfounditkindofpuzzlingthatChinasrhetoricanditsactionsintheSouthChinaSeabecamemoreassertiveafterquiteafewyearsoftryingtoworkthingsoutwiththeotherclaimants,includingagreeingto,inprinciple,acodeofconductwiththeotherclaimants.Frommyperspective,thatwasnotdrivenbypopularnationalism.ThatwassomethingthatemergedmoreoutofthefragmentednatureoftheChineseforeignpolicyprocess,andalotofdifferentbureaucraticactorswhocouldbenefitfromtryingtostirupsentimentonthisissue,togetbiggerbudgets,getmoreships,getmorebureaucraticinfluence.Andunfortunately,itlooksliketheChinesegovernmentletitspoliciesintheSouthChinaSeabehighjackedbythoseinterestgroupswithinthestateinawaythathasbeenveryharmfulforrelationswithcountriesinSoutheastAsia.SoIseethetwoissuesasbeingreallyquitedifferentinthatrespect,onebeingmoredrivenbytheconstraintsofpopularnationalism,andonebeingdriventopdownbythenatureoftheChineseforeignpolicyprocess.OneoftheargumentsofyourbookisthatChinahasaninternalweaknessbecauseofitspoliticalsystemthatisntalwaysveryvisiblefromtheoutside.Haveyouseenthatintheleadershiptransition? Thatinsecuritywasrevealedinthecontinuedsecrecyaroundleadershippolitics,aroundthecrackdownsonorganizationsorindividualswhomightsomehowdisrupttheleaduptotheleadershiptransition.Therewa