被动语态的译法,Yin Xiaohong,exercise,Translate the following sentences into Chinese and pay attention to the italic words. The Presidency is an eighteen-century invention. He is physically weak but mentally sound. She tries to calm her daughter with a faint smile and gentle caress of her hair.,Reference,总统的职位是在18世纪创立的。 他身体虽弱，但心智健全。 她淡淡地微笑着，温柔地抚摸着女儿的头发，让她安静下来。,Contents,Translation Skill (4) -被动语态的译法 研究生入学考试英语翻译真题（2008-2012）,被动语态的译法,译成汉语的被动句: 1.被、给 Vitamin C is destroyed when it is overheated. 维生素C受热过度就会被破坏。 At the end of the month he was fired for his incompetence. 月底，他因不能胜任工作而被解雇了。 If the scheme is disapproved, work on the project will stop immediately. 如果方案被否决，这项工程将立即停工。,2. 遭, 受,A lot of houses were damaged in the earthquake. 地震时许多房子遭到破坏。 Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world. 我们的外交政策受到全世界人民的支持。,He was set upon by two masked men. 他遭到了两个蒙面人的袭击。 Everyone was fed up with her gossip. 人人都受够了她的流言蜚语。,3. 为 /被 （所）,All the buildings were destroyed in a big fire. 所有的建筑物均为一场大火所焚毁。 Once the men had been accepted by the organization, they were brought to Brussels. 这些人一旦被组织所接受，就被送到布鲁塞尔去。,4. 由,Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by Man. 地球上早期的火一定是由大自然而非人类引燃的。 Heads of federal departments are named by the President, and judges are either elected directly by the people or are appointed by elected officials. 联邦政府各部部长由总统任命，法官由人民直接选举，或者由当选的官员任命。,由于在英汉两种语言当中都有主动和被动两种语态，初学翻译的人会简单地认为，在英译汉时，只要按照原句的语态处理就行了。事实并非如此，被动语态的使用频度在英语中要远远高于汉语。被动含义在英语中往往只能用被动语态来表示，而汉语的表达方式则要灵活、丰富得多。如果一味按照英语的语态来翻译，往往会使译文显得十分别扭，带有明显的翻译腔，甚至出现文理不通的情况。,译成汉语的主动句,1.保留原主语，被动改主动(41-42) The attitude toward manual labor is seen in many aspects of American life. 对体力劳动的这一态度反映在美国人生活的诸多方面。 Now many plants have been dispersed to other parts of the United States. 现在许多的工厂已分散到美国的其他地方。,The news was passed on by word of mouth. 众口相传，消息不胫而走。 The University of San Francisco is located near the Golden Gate Park 旧金山大学位于金门公园附近。 Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed from one form into another. 每时每刻，能量都在从一种形式转变为另一种形式。,Nuclear powers danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation. 核能对健康、安全, 甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用“辐射”这个词来概括。 The sense of inferiority that acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated. 他在青少年时期留下的自卑感还远远没有完全消除。,2.无施动者的被动句,见课本42 Solution to the problem was ultimately found. 这一问题的解决办法终于找到了。 He was assassinated in a theatre last night. 他昨晚在一家剧院遇刺身亡。 The application of computers should be paid enough attention to. 计算机的应用应予以足够的重视。,3.译成汉语无主句,见课本42-43 The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to. 必须立即终止这种讨厌的噪声。 Great efforts should be made to inform young people, especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit of smoking. 应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人吸烟的危害，特别是吸烟上瘾后的可怕后果。,Attention has been paid to the new measures to prevent corruption. 已经注意到需采取防止腐败的新措施。 Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft. 在我们这个世纪内研制了很多新奇的交通工具，其中最奇特的也许就是气垫船。,4.受动者被动式谓语受动者=施动者主动式谓语受动者,见课本43-44 We are kept strong and well by clean air. 洁净的空气使我们身体健康。 Large quantities of steam are required by modern industry. 现代工业需要大量蒸汽。,补“大家”，“人们”,“有人”等词,If you are asked personal questions, you need not answer them. 如果有人问起你的私事，你尽可以不回答。 Yet, what we say here will not be long remembered. 人们不会长久地记住我们在这里所说的话。 It would be astonishing if that loss was not keenly felt. 如果大家没有强烈地感到损失，那倒是奇怪了。,More examples,It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real. 可能有人会指出, 无线电广播同样也能做到这一点, 但电视屏幕上的节目更为生动和真实。,And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes of the scientists, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. (93年考题) 许多人认为, 普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比, 而且认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门的训练才能掌握。,5. 判断句,见课本44 The house was built of wood in 1985. 这所房子是1985年用木头修建的。 The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872. 美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。,其他,It is hoped that It is reported that It is said that It is supposed that It must be admitted that It must be pointed out that It will be seen from this that,It is asserted that It is believed that It is generally considered that It is well known that It will be said that It was told that,考研真题-2008年,Darvin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. 达尔文认为，对(音乐和绘画方面)兴趣的丧失，失去的不仅仅是一种乐趣，而且可能会伤害到智力，更有甚者还可能伤害到道德。,2009年,We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education, -that of direct tuition or schooling. 因此，到目前为止我们都在思考这种广泛的教育过程，从而促使我们去区别一种更为正规的教育，即直接教导或学校教育。,2010年,In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced ,the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such,