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Chapter 1: 商务英语写作的过程与基本要求商务写作的基本要求:在写作过程中都必须遵循的六大原则,即准确(Correctness)、清楚(Clarity)、简明(Conciseness)、具体(Concreteness)、完整(Completeness)、和礼貌(Courtesy),也叫做商务写作的6C原则。第一条原则:准确(correctness)从广义上讲,商务英语写作的准确性原则包括四层意义: 阅读人能理解、接受的英语水平 使用精确措词,传达准确信息 正确地使用语法和标点符号 拼写正确(1)恰当的语言风格我们在撰写正式的商务英语写作时,应尽量使用正规的语言;而当起草非正式的商务便条、商务便函及商务书信时,可使用较通俗的口语。请比较下面两组例词:FormalInformal approximatelyinquire ascertain obtain assist participate construct purchase contribute sufficient difficult utilize aboutaskfind outreceivehelpsharebuildbuygiveenoughharduse(2)准确的措词和信息 商务写作离不开商务术语,一般常用的商业术语用字简洁。商务英语写作应该特别注意措词和信息的正确性。(3)正确的语法和标点符号 (4)正确的拼写第二条原则:清楚(Clarity)(1)写作中要合理安排要点,运用正确的句型句法,突出重点,层次分明。 (2)合理构架句群与段落(Well-Written Sentences & Paragraphs)在商务英语写作中,应该合理安排句子和段落的结构与长度,把各种长句、短句、简句、复杂句等最佳组合成长度恰当的段落。请看例句: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago, and it now has branch offices in four states, and it employs nearly 400 individuals. (poor)Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago. With branch offices in four states, it now employs nearly 400 individuals. (revised)(3)统一性与一致性(Unity and Coherence)一篇商务写作的每一个段落都要围绕一个论点从不同方面进行论证,而在每一个段落中又都有一个主题句(topic sentence),一般安排在段首或段尾,而其它的句子则围绕着它进行论证,全文就这样一步进一步,一环扣一环地统一在主题思想上。而且,句子与句子之间,段落与段落之间都要前后呼应,首尾连贯。(4)强调(Emphasis)在商务英语写作中,有时需要强调某些单词、词组、句子,突出它们的作用,可以采用一些技巧手段,如下加横线,大写,或不同的字体、颜色等。(5)避免采用模糊的语句(ambiguous sentence)注意将句中关系紧密的词尽量靠近第三条原则:简洁(Conciseness)简洁是现代商务英语写作的发展趋势,是在保证内容完整无损的前提下用尽可能少的词句来阐明主题。商务英语写作要求既筒短扼要,又不失完整与清楚明白,还要包括必要的礼貌。(1)用简洁的语言(Use simple language)(2)避免冗长的表达方式和不必要的重复(avoid wordy expressions & unnecessary repetition)请看下表中的两组例子,比较一下修改前与修改后的差别。Wordy ConciseWe would like toA long period of time I expected it to be During the year of 1995 For the development ofSquare in shapeDuring the time that pleasea long timeexpectedduring 1995for developingsquarewhile(4)删改无关紧要的成份(Remove unneeded facts) 如果句中的某些成份被删除后不影响句子的原意,那么就应该毫不犹豫地把它们删改掉。如下面句子中的划线部分被删去后并不影响句子的原义:It should be noted that this is the best we can do。(5)多使用主动语态的句子结构以明确表达意思请比较下面两个句子: Payment of their accounts will be made by Johnsons next weekJohnsons will pay their accounts next week第四条原则:具体(Concreteness)商务英语写作要求内容书写得具体和明确,因此,尽量使用确定、具体的语言,直接了当地传递信息,说明问题,切忌笼统模糊。(1) 尽可能地提供明确、具体的信息。(2)使用具体词汇 避免使用抽象的词汇,因为抽象的词汇往往令人感觉模糊笼统。第五条原则:完整(Completeness) 商务英语写作的内容务必完整周密,任何要点的遗漏都可能导致重大损失。 第六条原则:礼貌(Courtesy) 商务英语写作中的礼貌原则,并不是指采用一些客套的句式,而是指一种贯彻于全文的尊重、理解和体谅对方的态度以下是几条有助于礼貌的写作方法:u 使用礼貌友好的词汇u 体谅对方的写作态度(You-Attitude)u 措辞得体(Appropriate Wording)u 避免使用有性别歧视之嫌的词语u 及时答复(Timely Response)课后练习练习一:Rewrite the following sentences to achieve conciseness:(1) Please see that an enquiry is conducted to determine the reason.(2) We express our regret at being unable to fulfill your order on this occasion.(3) Payment of their accounts will be made by Johnsons next week.(4) It is on the last day of June that the meeting will be held.(5) We are returning all the merchandise that is defective.(6) In the event that Model 404 is not available, please substitute Model 606.练习二:Rewrite each sentence in order to express its meaning more courteously.(1) You won t get your order because you didnt t give us the information.(2) We must tell you that we cant accept your proposal.(3) You claim that there Were 3 witnesses to the accident. We need their names and addresses.(4) Thank you in advance for all the help you will give me.(5) Your letter is not clear at al1. I cant understand it.(6) We need the statement by the end of next week.(7) You are requested to send payment by 8 June.(8) This is to inform you that the goods Will not be ready by June 4. We will not be able to deliver them until June 8.
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