若有所“指”“代”替万千,高三阅读技能指导之,In many ways my disability has made me grow stronger and more independent. I have had to work hard to live a normal life, but it has been worth it. If I had the chance to say one thing to healthy kids, it would be this: Just having a disability doesnt mean your life is not satisfying. So dont feel sorry for the disabled or make fun of them, and dont ignore them either. Just accept them for who they are and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.,Substitute word替代词,Reference指代,指代(reference)是作者为了避免 ，让行文简练，在文中使用一些 (substitute words)来表示上文中已经提到过或下文即将提到的人物或事物（词或短语，甚至句子)。,重复,替代词,What is reference?,2017全国I卷 C篇 29.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to? 2017全国I卷 D篇 33.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in Paragraph 2 refer to ?,Pay special attention to reference in reading comprehension.,Some basic information about reference?,In many ways my disability has made me grow stronger and more independent. I have had to work hard to live a normal life, but it has been worth it . If I had the chance to say one thing to healthy kids, it would be this: Just having a disability doesnt mean your life is not satisfying. So dont feel sorry for the disabled or make fun of them, and dont ignore them either. Just accept them for who they are and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.,我发现：指代词以 居多。（人称代词，指示代词 等） Tip: 阅读中遇到代词要留心，需标注，有意识推敲其指代,(1)关于指代的“二三事”,代词,Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life. 2017全国III卷 D篇 What does “which” refer to? The passage is mainly about .,我发现：指代词还包括定语从句的 ，常常需要搞清指代，可帮助我们判断文章的关键词。,(2)关于指代的“二三事”,、 关系词,Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置) on your desk. And theyve never actually met you. Everything they know about you came through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away. Yet they feel they can know you just from the sound of your voice. Thats how powerful the telephone is. . Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Ranis friendliness -her warm smile, her nods, her “Im here for you” attitudewere all silent signals that didnt travel through wires. Q： What does “wires” refer to?,the telephone,the telephone,我发现：除了代词指代，还可以用 来进行指代，可以让文章表达 。 Tip:需要养成联系上下文，翻译推敲的习惯。,词汇,(3)关于指代的“二三事”,丰富多样,1,In many ways my disability has made me grow stronger and more independent. I have had to work hard to live a normal life, but it has been worth it. If I had the chance to say one thing to healthy kids, it would be this: Just having a disability doesnt mean your life is not satisfying. So dont feel sorry for the disabled or make fun of them, and dont ignore them either. Just accept them for who they are and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.,我发现：指示代词既可以 指，也可 指； 指代信息既可在 句，也可在 句。 Tip:在阅读中养成从同句到上下句寻找替代信息，同时翻译理解的习惯。,(4)关于指代的“二三事”,前,后,同一,上下,1,练一练，说一说 2017全国I卷 D篇 A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器）is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, its an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 55sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a containerperhaps just a drinking cupto catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt. To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs upand out of the side of the hole. 33. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in Paragraph 2 refer to ? A. The tube. B. The still C. The hole. D. The cup.,1,练一练，说一说 2017全国I卷 C篇 Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations. Its Jason Morans job to help change that. As the Kennedy Centers artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture. 29.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to? Jazz becoming more accessible. The production of jazz growing faster. Jazz being less popular with the young. The jazz audience becoming larger.,那些把我们搞晕的“指代们”,Why are some reference