中考英语阅读理解解题策略,第三中学 梁莎莎,阅读理解 专题辅导,1. 中考阅读理解常考体裁 2. 阅读理解题目的设置方式 3. 阅读理解解题方法 4. 阅读理解解题步骤,常见体裁： 1. 记叙文，主要涉及故事荟萃（教育故事，哲理故事，生活故事，情感故事，人物经历及感受等）。 2. 说明文，主要涉及介绍类（事物发展史，实物介绍，地点介绍），风俗文化，咨询建议，发表观点，自然与保护，饮食与健康，科普与现代科技。 3. 应用文主要涉及 广告图表类（音乐/娱乐访谈，旅游，宣传，活动安排，广告等）。 4. 夹叙夹议的议论文。,有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种:,命 题 类,事实细节型,推 理 判 断 型,主旨大意型,词 义 猜 测 型,文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。,提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why等,事实细节型,解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。,1）Which of the following statement is true? 2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text? 3）The author ( or the passage) states that_. 4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?,在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：,阅读理解基础训练,Basic Training,-事实细节型,“Here is the last meal I give you. Come and get it by yourself,” his mother said. Then she flew down and pushed the baby eagle（鹰） out of the nest. ( )48.What did the baby eagles mother do when she came the last time?_ A. She put some food in the nest. B. She just came to see him again. C. She shouted at her baby eagle and flew away. D. She pushed her baby eagle out of the nest.,D,推理判断题：中考重头戏，20个题中常有4-6个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。,以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。,推理判断型,透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。,推理判断题（做题要领）,既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。,推理判断型常见的命题方式有： According to the passage, what/which is ? Which of the following statement is (not) true/correct/mentioned except ? All of the following statements are true/correct/mentioned except? It can be inferred(推断) that,阅读理解基础训练,Basic Training,-推理判断型,1） 根据常识判断,Put a smoke alarm in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off. The alarm makes a loud sound. The sound tells everyone to leave the house at once. ( )51.What does it mean when a smoke alarm rings at home? A. You have to get up. B. Water is running to the floor. C. Something is burning. D. Someone breaks your window.,C,2) 根据计算判断,Trip 2 Three Days In The Country There are many beautiful gardens. Take your camera and enjoy the wonderful sight in Hunter Valley. It is a good place for fishing and horse riding. You can also find different kinds of flowers here. This is also a great walk for bird-lovers. Time: May 20-May 22 Tel:63986432 Adult:$50.00 Child:$25.00 ( )57.Sam wants to stay in Hunter Valley with his wife, his five-year-old daughter and his seven-year-old son. How much will it cost? A. $ 50 B. $25 C. $100 D. $150,D,3) 根据文章含义推理,The baby eagle fell down, faster and faster. He looked up at his mum, “Why do you abandon me?” He looked down at the earth. The ground was much closer. Then something strange happened. The air caught behind his arms and he began to fly! He wasnt moving to the ground any more. Instead, his eyes were pointed up at the sun. “You are flying! You can make it!” His mother smiled.,( )50.We can infer from the story that_. A. The baby eagle lost his mother B. The baby eagle fell down and died C. The baby eagle could get food himself D. The baby eagle was still angry with his mother,C,一、主旨大意题 （做题要领）,1. 干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。,2. 干扰项 可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。,3. 干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。,(正确答案) 是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。,常用提问方式： According to the passage, we know that_ The title (标题) of the passage can be_. The writer tells us_. From the story we can see/ learn / say_ The main idea of this passage is_. What is this passage about?,阅读理解基础训练,Basic Training,-主旨大意题,首句： People know the dangers of fires. Its good for a family to learn how to prepare for a fire. Here are some suggestions. 末句： There are many possible causes for fires. A wise family is ready all the time. If there is a fire, dont forget to call 119 for help.,( )55.What is the best title for this passage? A. The Dangers of a Fire. B. The Causes of a Fire. C. Learn to Use a Fire Extinguisher. D. Be Ready for a Fire.,D,同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。,反义法 如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。,释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。,词义猜测型,情景推断法、代词替代法等,判断词义,1）文中找线索或信息词; 2) 根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意； 3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。,做题要领,The ways of guessing the new words in context:,遇到生词要冷静,阅读理解基础训练,Basic Training,-词义猜测型,“Here is the last meal I give you. Come and get it by yourself,” his mother said. Then she flew down and pushed the baby eagle out of the nest. The baby eagle fell down, faster and faster. He looked up at his mum, “Why do you abandon me?” ( )49.What does the word “abandon” mean? A. 抛弃 B 保护 C 歧视 D. 拯救,A,A. 利用构词法进行猜测,根据单词的前缀与后缀进行猜词。如，care(小心) careful(小心的) carefully (小心地); write(写) rewrite (改写)。,un- ; dis-;-less : ; mis-: ; re-: ; -ern: