1 飞机及其主要部件AIRCRAFT AND MAIN COMPONENTS飞机aircraft, airplane1.1飞机类型AIRCRAFT TYPE民用飞机civil aircraft干线机trunk aircraft, trunkliners支线机regional aircraft, commuter商用飞机commercial aircraft客货两用机combination aircraft旅客机passenger aircraft运输机transport aircraft宽体飞机wide fuselage aircraft窄机身飞机narrow-bodied aircraft大型运输机large transport aircraft货机cargo aircraft, airfreighter, freight aircraft公务机/行政勤务飞机business/executive aircraft, administrative aircraft公务喷气机business jet aircraft, corporate jet aircraft通用飞机general-purpose aircraft私人飞机private owner airplane适航飞机airworthy aircraft全天候飞机all-weather aircraft后掠翼飞机swept back wing airplane喷气式飞机jet airplane燃气涡轮式飞机turbine-engine aircraft涡轮风扇式飞机turbofan aircraft涡轮喷气式飞机turbojet airplane双喷气发动机飞机twin-jet aircraft亚音速飞机subsonic aircraft中程飞机medium-range aircraft中短程飞机short/medium aircraft远程飞机long-distance aircraft半硬壳式飞机semimonocoque aircraft前（后）三点飞机aircraft with nose (tail) wheel原型机,样机prototype aircraft, mockup试验型飞机development aircraft基本型飞机basic aircraft改型飞机modified aircraft批生产飞机mass-produced aircraft1.2 飞机主要部件及其结构AIRCRAFT MAIN COMPONENTS AND STRUCTURAL MEMBERS1.2.1 机身FUSELAGE机体airframe, body机头nose机身fuselage前机身forward fuselage中机身mid fuselage中后机身mid-aft fuselage后机身aft fuselage机身下部lower fuselage机身中上部mid-upper fuselage机身上部upper fuselage增压机身pressurized fuselage机身结构fuselage structure机体结构airframe structure半硬壳式机身semimonocoque fuselage半硬壳式结构semimonocoque structure主要结构primary structure次要结构，辅助结构secondary structure,auxiliary structure基本结构basic structure复合材料结构composite material structure胶结蜂窝结构honeycomb bonded structure金属胶结结构metal-to-metal adhesive bonded structure加强结构reinforced structure梁肋结构spar-and rib structure机身蒙皮fuselage skin隔框bulkhead (BHD), frame机身隔框fuselage frame圆形隔框circumferential frame机身与机翼对接隔框fuselage-wing frame翼梁固定隔框spar frame前梁固定隔框front spar frame后梁固定隔框rear spar frame气密隔框pressure bulkhead防火隔板（墙）fire bulkhead机身桁梁（大梁）longeron横梁transverse beam纵梁longitudinal beam长桁stringer,longeron角形桁条angle stringer“Z”型桁条Zsection stringer“”型桁条hat-section stringer加强桁条heavy stringer龙骨梁keel beam龙骨 keel地板floor panel地板梁floor beam座椅滑轨seat track气密地板pressure floor整流片（带，包皮）fillet 机身机翼接合整流带（翼根整流带）fuselage-to-wing fillet, wing-root fillet整流罩fairing机身整流罩fuselage fairing机身机翼整流罩fuselage-to-fairing雷达天线罩radome天线整流罩antenna fairing搭接板splice机身搭接板fuselage splice纵向搭接板longitudinal splice长桁搭接板stringer splice加强板（双搭接板）double splice机身站位station (STA)站位线station line机身横截面fuselage cross section水平线water line (WL)纵剖线(横向站位线）buttock line （BL）中心线center line （CL）机身气密包线fuselage pressure envelope分离面break工艺分离面production break, manufacturing break主舱地板main deck货舱地板cargo deck驾驶舱地板flight compartment floor纵向加强件intercostal转折梁crease beam尾锥tailcone化纤蒙皮chemical-milled skin1.2.2 机翼WING机翼类型WING TYPE基本翼basic wing中央翼center wing中外翼（内翼）inboard wing外翼outboard wing翼尖wing tip上单翼upper-monowing下单翼lower-monowing上反角机翼anhedral wing, positive dihedral wing下反角机翼negative dihedral wing带盒形梁的机翼box-spar wing双梁式机翼double-spar wing整体油箱机翼fuel-tight wing有襟翼的机翼flapped wing后掠机翼sweptback wing前缘开缝机翼nose-slot wing翼梢小翼winglets机翼主要结构PRIMARY WING STRUCTURE前缘leading edge后缘trailing edge翼尖整流罩wing-tip fairing翼根整流带wing-root fillet翼根整流罩wing-root fairing翼梁wing spar盒形翼梁box spar前梁front spar后梁rear spar纵墙（假梁）false spar副翼翼梁aileron spar辅助梁secondary spar, auxiliary spar展向梁spanwise beam腹板式翼梁plated-web spar, web-type spar整体式翼梁one-piece spar后缘翼梁trailing edge beam起落架支撑梁landing gear (support) beam机翼辅助梁（机翼纵墙）wing web （W/W） beam翼盒wing box中央翼盒center wing box扭力盒torsion box机翼整体油箱integral fuel tank翼肋wing rib油箱端肋tank end rib加强肋reinforced rib梁间加强肋intercostal,reinforced rib整体肋one-piece rib腹板web缘条chord,flange支柱，加强件stiffener长桁stringer上长桁upper stringer ER下长桁lower stringer机翼蒙皮wing skin蒙皮壁板skin panel铝合金蒙皮alumium skin蜂窝结构蒙皮honeycomb skin双层蒙皮double skin轻合金蒙皮light-alloy skin抗拉蒙皮tension skin加强蒙皮reinforced skin内蒙皮inner skin外蒙皮outer skin上蒙皮upper skin下蒙皮lower skin翼剖面（翼型）airfoil襟翼滑轨整流罩flap track fairing根部（三叉）接头terminal fitting襟翼WING FLAP内侧襟翼inboard flaps外侧襟翼outer flaps前缘襟翼leading-edge flap后缘襟翼trailing-edge flap襟翼滑轨安装接头flap track attachment fitting缝翼SLAT前缘缝翼leading-edge slat可操纵缝翼movable slat副翼AILERON扰流板spoiler减速板airbrake减升板lift dumper调整片tab, adjustable tab副翼调整片aileron trim tab铰链接头hinge fitting作动器接头actuator fitting1.2.3 尾翼TAIL, EMPENNAGE安定面STA