正式书信写作的八个指南 Mosteverydaywritingiscasual.Tweets,Facebookupdates,holidaycards,friendlyemailsthesehavetheirownsimpleetiquette,andwedontspendalotoftimethinkingaboutthembeforewelickthatstamporhitsend.大部分日常写作都比较随意社交网站碎碎念节日贺卡或电子邮件都各有一套写起来根本不费什么心思 Sometimes,though,theoccasioncallsforsomethingmoreformal.Whetheritsalettertoyourpoliticalrepresentativeaboutanimportantissue,acoverlettertoapotentialboss,orabusinessproposalletter,theserequireabitmorecareifyouregoingtobetakenseriously.Hereareafewpointstokeepinmindwhenyourewritingyourownformalletter,whetheritwillgothroughthemailorviacyberspace.但有些场合写作就得正规点无论是写信给官方代表讨论重大问题还是向企业老板提交求职信或业务建议书你都应认真对待在写正式信函或电邮时以下几点可以借鉴 1.Understandyourpurpose明确目标 Whyareyouwriting?Whatdoyouwantthereadertodoafterreadingyourletter?Doyouwanttochangehermindorconvincehimtotakeaspecificaction?Areyouseekingforgiveness?Doyoumeantoplainaboutbadserviceorafaultyproduct?Areyoutryingtogethired?Whatsthe“ask”?为何写信你期望收信人看完后做什么你想改变她的决意还是希望他采取具体措施抑或你在寻求宽恕你要投诉糟糕的服务、劣质的产品还是要谋取职位你的“请求” Onceyouknowthis,youcanandshouldcuteverythingoutthatdoesntservethatpurpose.一旦你明白以上问题就能撇清所有无关痛痒的事了 2.Identifyyouraudience定位对象 Knowingyouraudiencehelpsyouchooseyourlanguageandtargetyourideasmoreprecisely.IwritedifferentlyinalettertoanotherlawyerthanIdowhentheaddresseeisanonlawyerexecutiveorevenanelderly“probono”client.Inalettertotheeditor,yourrealaudienceisthepublicationsreaderswhoarethey?Dontusejargonthatyourreaderwontunderstand.明确收信人身份有助于更精准地表达意愿同一封信我写给律师是一种措辞写给非律师出身的总裁、甚或年长的慈善客户又会是另一种措辞写信给编辑部刊物读者才是最终收信人那么他们样的人呢千万别用读者看不懂的术语 3.Keepitshort短小精练 Mostofusendureaconstantfloodofwrittenmunications,andwehavealimitedamountoftimetospendreadingit.Youthereforehaveabetterchanceofbeingreadifyoukeepyourlettertoonepage.Amultipageletterwithlongparagraphsandplexsentenceslooksoverwhelming.Thebusyreaderwillbetemptedtosetitasideforwhenshehasmoretimeandshemightnevergetaroundtopickingitupagain.Useshortparagraphs,shortsentences,shortwords.多数人周围文字泛滥根本无法全部读完因此人们倾向先查阅较短信函厚厚一叠长篇大论看上去真的很恐怖忙碌的人一般会先放一放等有空再看而这一等可能意味着石沉大海所以写信要简洁精练 4.Usesimplelanguage言简意赅 Itsthewritersjobtobeunderstood.Evenifyouraudienceishighlyeducated,youshouldavoidbigwordsandlong,plexsentences.Peoplearentstupid;theyrebusy.Makeourjobeasier,andweremorelikelytogiveyourlettertheattentionitdeserves.Formalwritingdoesnotrequiretheuseofbigwords.Donttrytosoundsophisticated;trytobeclear.Use“ask”insteadof“request.”Say“buy”insteadof“purchase.”Insteadof“enclosedherewithpleasefind,”justsay,“Iveenclosed”or“Hereis.”信要让人读懂怕收信人水平很高也应避免使用行话冗句人家又不傻工作这么忙干净利落点事情都好办正式信函不一定要讲套话不必故作老练讲清楚就行用“请”别用“恳请”；用“买”别用“购置”；用“附上”或“以下是”别用“随函附上请查收” 5.Leadwiththemostimportantpoint挑明重点 Asjournalistssay,dontburyyourhead.Findawaytoopenwiththeideaorinformationthatyoumostwantyourreadertofocusoracton.Thefirstparagraphmightbetheonlyonehereads,sodonthidethe“ask”inthelastparagraph.如记者所言不要埋头当鸵鸟要设法亮出你最希望收信人注意到的信息收信人可能只浏览第一段所以千万别把你的“要求”放到最后一段 6.Followtherules遵循格式 Therearerulesforformattingabusinessletter.Youignorethematyourperil.商业信函有其自身格式你若无视一切后果自负 7.Proofread.Thenproofreadagain检查再检查 Nomatterhowgrammaticallygiftedyouare,errorsandtyposcancreepin.Whenyouthinkyouvefinishedwriting,readyourpieceslowlyandattentively,watchingforthosetypos.Donttrustspellcheck.Ifpossible,printahardcopyofyourletterandreaditoutloudwithapeninhand,markingthosetypos,awkwardsentences,confusinglines.Ifitsreallyimportant,havesomebodyelsereaditandletyouknowifyouvemissedsomething.就算你语法再好也还会犯个小错、打个错字信写完后一定要慢慢细读查缺补漏别依赖拼写检查软件最好对着打印稿检查读出声来同时圈出错词烂句如果信函尤为重要最好请别人替你再检查检查 8.Letitcoolbeforesending三思而后“寄” Especiallyifyouarewritingtopersuadeorplain,youprobablyaremotivatedbysomeprettystrongfeelings.Absolutelywriteyourfirstdraftinthewhitehotheatofpassion.Expressyourfeelings.Getitallonpaper.Butthen.beforeyouprintandsign,orhitsend,walkawayforawhile.Godosomethingelse.Letthatheatofpassioncool.Thenebackandrereadwhatyouvewritten.Isitfair?Isitsmart?Isittrue?Isitkind?Wouldyouregrethavingitreadontelevision,infrontofyourbossandyourgrandmother?Makethechangesthatseemappropriateafteryouremotionshavesettled.写说服信或投诉信时你的情绪想必很激动甚至忿然作色你洋洋洒洒、一吐为快但是在你打印、签名或寄出前还是先放一放吧先干点别的冷静冷静回头再读刚刚写的东西你觉得判断公正么分析可否理智是否言如其实语气妥当与否如果就这么在电视上、老板或祖母面前读这封信你会不会后悔情绪稳定后做些适当润色吧 Then,andonlythen,hitsend.然后也就是万事妥当后你才可以点击发送 正式书信写作的八个指南相关文章：