初中英语语法第一讲 名词（Noun）1. 概念：名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的词。2. 分类：专有和普通 （形式） 个体和集体，物质和抽象 （意义） 可数和不可数（最常见）3. 可数名词单数变复数的规则变化： 直接在词尾+s. 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词+es. 以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i+es. 以元音字母+y结尾的词，直接在词尾+s. 以f,fe结尾的词，变f,fe为v+es. 以o结尾的词，4. 可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化： 内部元音有变化. eg: foot, tooth, goose, man, woman, mouse 词尾+en. 单复数同形. eg：sheep, fish, deer, Chinese, Japanese ！由man,woman构成的复合名词变复数时，两者都变。5. 不可数名词“量”的表示： a/an+量词+of+不可数名词.复数形式：量词（复数）+of+不可数名词. “许多，大量”用much, little, a little, some, too much, so much, a great deal of等.6. 名词所有格：表示两个名词之间的所属关系，译为“的”。（1） 名词后+s表示有生命的东西. 一般情况下在词尾+s. 以 s 结尾的复数名词只+. 不以s结尾的复数名词+s. 表示某物为共同所有，只在最后一个词后+s. 表示某物为各自所有，在每个名词后分别+s. 表示时间，距离，路程，国家的名词，在词尾+s. 复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加s. eg: my sister-in-laws brother.（2） 名词+of+名词表示无生命的东西: the leg of the table, the development of the society, the door of the room. （3）双重所有格: 当of前面的名词有不定冠词，指示代词，不定代词或数词（a, an, this, that, these, those, two, three, four, any, some, several, no, few ,another等）修饰时，用双重所有格，双重所有格只用于表示人的名词并且都是特指的。其形式为：名词+of+名词性物主代词，名词+of+名词s. eg: a poem of Lu Xuns. an old photo of my fathers. a friend of mine/his/hers. Which novel of Dickens are you reading? some friends of my brothers. （4）几种特殊情况: the key to the door. answers to the question. the entrance to the station / cinema. tickets for the movie. a check for $1500. 7.随堂习题训练。（ ）1. There is good_ for you. Ive found your lost watch. 广东省 A. news B. ideas C. messages D. Thoughts （ ）2. My uncle will come to my house for dinner. I want to buy some _to make a vegetable salad for him.济宁 A. meat B. tomatoes C. apple juice（ )3. The teacher said we needed to choose three for the school concert. 重庆 A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers D. singers ( )4. At night the Koala bear gets up and eats_.广元 A. 1eaf B. 1eaves C. leafs ( )5. The PLA man saved three _lives in the accident.济南 A. childrens B. children C. child D. childs( )6. Come on, children. Help yourselves to some_ if you like. 南通 A. fish and chicken B. fishes and chicken C. fish and chickens D. fishes and chickens( )7. All the _teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday. 重庆 A. man B. men C. woman D. Women( )8. Mr Smith always has _to tell us. 青岛 A. some good pieces of newsB. some pieces of good news C. some good piece of newes D. some piece of good newes ( )9. Would you like to have a look at some pants? They may fit you well. 一Well, Id like to try those blue_.黄冈 A. pairs B. one C. pant D. pair( )10. Would you like some drinks, boys? 河北 Yes, , please. A. some oranges B. two boxes of chocolates C. some cakes D. two bottles of orange( )11. exciting news! We will have long holiday after the exam. 黄冈 A. What an, a B. What, a C. How an, the D. How, the ( )12. _fathers are both scientists. 咸宁 A. Jims and Bob B. Jims and Bobs C. Jim and Bobs D. Jim and Bob( )13. _room is big and brightThey like it very much. 河北 A. Tom and Sam B. Toms find Sam C. Tom and Sams D. Toms and Sams( )14. Hows Joys skirt?Her skirt is more beautiful than . 兰州 A. her sisters and Kate B. her sister and Kate C. her sister and Kates D. her sisters and Kates( )15. Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here? No, its about _.（浙江宁波） A. 7 minutes walk B. 7 minute walk C. 7 minutes walk D. 7 minutes walk( )16. Come and see me in . With pleasureThats what Im expecting. 哈尔滨 A. two or three days B. two or three days time C. two or three days time( )17. Im going on holiday on the 12th. I have to be back at work on the 26th. So Ive got two_ holiday. 临沂 A. weeks B. weeks C. weeks D. week( )18. Studying in a foreign country is a diffe