地图与流程图 Map and Flow Chart,地图 Map,地图题分两种: 一种为选址题， 一种为地理变迁题。,考察点： 1 方向、方位、路线、顺序的把握； 2 相对位置关系的描述和辨别； 3 表方位的词或者词组（主要是介词）的用法； 4 图中关键点的定位 时态 如果地图题反映的是一个地方在过去的一段时间的变化，文章用一般过去时。 如果地图题反映的是一个地方在将来一段时间的变化趋势，文章用一般将来时或表“估计”的词汇。 如果地图题反映的是一个地方从过去到现在的变化，可用现在完成时。,The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for supermarket.,1. 选址型,交通不利,P1,The map shows two proposed locations for a new supermarket for the town of Garlsdon. They both have their advantages and disadvantages.,P2,The first potential location (S1) is outside the town itself, and is sited just off the main road to the town of Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west. This site is in the countryside and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking. This would make it accessible to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by car.,先描述S1地理位置，再写其空间优势,P2,As it is also close to the railway line linking the two towns to Cransdon (25 km to the south-east), a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to travel by train. Generally speaking, the price of rent is relatively lower in countryside, so it will save some expending to some extent.,先描述S1地理位置，再写其空间优势,P3,In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is right in the town centre, which would be good for local residents. Theoretically, the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, but as the central area is a no-traffic zone, cars would be unable to park and access would be difficult.,先描述S2地理位置，再写其空间优势及劣势,P4,Overall, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon, Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town site (S1) would probably offer more advantages. Whats more, based on the factor of economy, the decision of choosing S1 is reasonable for boss.,比较优劣，再做出选择,方位的表达,A位于B的范围内 ，如A位于B的东部地区 Shanghai is the east of China A在B范围外，如A位于B以东 Japan is the east of China A在B范围外，但接壤，如A在B东面 Tianjin is the east of Hebei A与B不接壤，如A在B 西北部的120 千米处 A lies 120 km the northwest of B,in,to,on,to,Mountains are parallel to the rivers. （与平行） The truck is to the right of the gas station （在的右边） The church is surrounded by trees. （被包围） A policeman is at the crossing/intersection. （在十字路口） The bank is in the top left-hand corner of the residential zone. （在的左上角） The playground is roughly in the middle of the residential zone. （大概在的中间）,The supermarket is directly opposite to the bus stop. （在的正对面） The barbers is in close proximity to/ near by/ by the side of the hospital. （在附近） Houses are at the bottom of the residential zone. （在底部） The supermarket is halfway between the bank and the barbers. （在半途中） The motorcyclist is outside the residential zone. （在外面） The shop is along the roadside. （在路边）,2. 历史变迁型,Chorleywood is a village near London whose population has increased steadily since the middle of 19th century. The map below shows the development of the village. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the development of the village.,P1,The map shows the great changes and development of Chorleywood village in Great Britain over a period of 126 years from 1868 to 1994.,P2,Chronologically, during the first 15 years from 1868 to 1883, Chorleywood was merely a very small village with one main road to its west. From 1883 to 1922, we see that the village expanded to south, almost tripled the original scale.,P2,Besides, a railway line was built across the new area from west to east and there emerged the Chorleywood Station. During 1922-1970, Chorleywood extended both eastward and westward and almost doubled the previous size.,P3,Then during 1970-1994, the village accelerated its pace of development eastward. A north-south motorway was built in 1970 as the axis, together with the almost paralleled east-west main road and railway as two dividing lines, cutting this new area into five parts. This new expansion was almost twice the scale of the old village. The Chorleywood Park and a golf course separated the old and new area.,P4,Thus, we see the fast expansion history of this small village across a span of over 100 years.,原有事物尺寸上变大/变小： The size of the library has been enlarged/extended/reduced by half 原有事物没了： The farms completely disappeared/were removed.,原有事物被改造： A is transformed/reconstructed/ converted/changed/turned over to/ into B A is replaced /substituted by B = A gives way to B,流程图(Flow Chart),描述一个实物/器具的工作过程： 特点： 基本不会出现数据，文字信息占主要位置 描述为主，进行比较的机会较少,流程图写作要素,1流程图的信息比数字图表更零散，看图时必须更加仔细，不能溜掉任何一个细节。 2流程图里面有生词很正常，如果不认识只要搬过来用即可，一般不影响写作。 3表示顺序的连词或词组一定要多用。 At first = initially = in the first stage Then = in the next step = after that At this stage/step/point Finally = eventually 4. 如果流程特别复杂，一定要合并成几大步来写。 5流程图写作多用被动语态。,Example 1.,The diagram below indicates the recycling process of glass bottles.,P1,This diagram illustrates the recycling process of glass bottles. The whole process is a cycle which can be divided into three main stages.,P2,In t