书利华教育网 www.shulihua.net 您的教育资源库书利华教育网 www.shulihua.net 您的教育资源库定语从句定义I. 定语从句起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。关系词 先行词从句成分例句 备注who 人 主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom 人 宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose 人，物 定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate. that 人，物主语宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which 物主语宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.whom, which和 that 在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that关系代词as 人，物主语宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as 做宾语一般不省略关系when 时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用 on which书利华教育网 www.shulihua.net 您的教育资源库书利华教育网 www.shulihua.net 您的教育资源库where 地点地点状语This is the house where I was born. 可用 in which副词why 原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用 for which. as 与 which 的区别：定语从句区别 例句限制性定语从句中名词前有 such 和 the same 修饰时，关系代词用 as,不能用 whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Dont read such books as you cant understand. 非限制性定语从句中as 和 which 都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象” 的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用 as；而 which 引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadnt expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：类别 语法意义及特征 例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。The accident happened at the time when I left.非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用 that 引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.一、考点聚焦1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语书利华教育网 www.shulihua.net 您的教育资源库书利华教育网 www.shulihua.net 您的教育资源库2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和 no 与-boy, -thing 的合成词；或 all、 none、any、some 、that、those 等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。This is the place which is worth visiting.关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。There are many places we can visit（them）in China.4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。关系副词：when, where, why。that 偶尔也作关系副词。5、确定关系词的步骤（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用 that 而不用 which（1）先行词被形容词最高级 序数词 数词几种词修饰或被 only、 any、few 、little 、no 、all、one of 等修饰时。（2）先行词为 all、much、little 、none 、few、one、something、anything 等不定代词时。（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.（5）当主句中含有疑问词 which 时。Which are the books that you bought for me ?7、宜用 which 而不用 that 的情况书利华教育网 www.shulihua.net 您的教育资源库书利华教育网 www.shulihua.net 您的教育资源库（1）在非限制性定语从句中（2）在关系词前有介词时（3）当先行词本身是 that 时（4）当关系词离先行词较远时8、关系词 who 与 that 指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词（1）当主句是 there be 句型时，关系词用 who。（2）先行词是为 anyone、those、someone、everyone、one 等词时，关系词用 who。（3）当主句是 who 作疑问词时，关系词用 that。Who is that girl that is standing by the window?（4）whom 在从句中只作宾语，可被 who 取代。9、whose 作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如：Do you know Mr. Smith whose story is very moving?There is a room, whose window faces the river.There is a room, the window of which faces the river.10、关系代词 as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。（1）先行词被 such 和 the same 修饰，或句型 as many（much）中，从句都用 as 引导。Such books as you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.注意：区别such that 引导的结果状语从句。They are suchlovely children that we love them much.the same that 引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.（2）无先行词的定语从句用 as 和 which 引导。区别： 意义上： as 含有“这点正如一样”。 位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。He didnt pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.As is known, the earth is round, not flat.11、关系副词 when 与 where、why 、thatwhen 指时间 = in / at / on / during whichwhere 指地点 = in / at / from / which书利华教育网 www.shulihua.net 您的教育资源库书利华教育网 www.shulihua.net 您的教育资源库why 指原因 = for which当先行词为 way、day、reason、time 时，可用 that 作关系副词。 （非正式场合）I dont like the way that / in which / he talks.当 time 作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.12、必须注意的问题（1）关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。（2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。强调 it 无意义，that / who 不是引导词。强调 it is / was 和 that / who 后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句)It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that 充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that 不能充当任何成分，不可省。Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语)（4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。关系词作宾语，前无介词时。关系词作表语。（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是 which 和 whom。（7）几个特殊的定语从句句型：He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中 one 为先行词）He is one of the students who ha