教育是对知识与道德的忠诚！1金牌教练 助力一生学科教师辅导教案 中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家教育是对知识与道德的忠诚！2优学教育学科教师辅导教案讲义编号 lxh-gj011 学员编号：yx-gj026 年 级：初三 课时数： 1 课时学员姓名：苟杰 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：李晓慧课 题 主谓一致 精讲 授课日期及时段 2013 年 月 日教学目的 1. 掌握就近原则2. 熟悉各类连词及几何名词的主谓一致用法教学内容高中英语主谓一致一）主谓一致的种类1语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：The number of the students present is 200. Jane and Mary look alike. 2意义上一致1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The crowd were shouting. 单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, police, cattle 等。2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：The news was so surprising. 形复意单的单词有 news 和一些以 ics 结尾的学科名称，如 physics，politics, economics 等。3就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词 or，eitheror, neithernot, not onlybut also 等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如：Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this. （二）主谓一致的应用1名词作主语1）某些集体名词，如 family, team 等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. 这类名词有：audience ，class，club，company，crew，enemy ，crowd，government，group，party，public，team 等。名词 population 一词的使用情况类似。 “a group(crowd) of +复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。2）某些集体名词，如 people, police, cattle 等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如：The police are searching for the thief. 3）单、复数同形的名词主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如：A sheep is over there. 中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家教育是对知识与道德的忠诚！3Some sheep are over there. 4）名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：The doctors is across the street. My uncles is not far from here. 常见的省略名词有：the bakers, the barbers, the carpenters, the Zhangs 等。表示店铺的名词，一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如：Richardsons have a lot of goods to sell. 5）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：Three years has passed since then. 6）不定代词 each, every, no 所修饰的名词即使以 and 或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. 7）如果主语有 more than one或 many a构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：More than one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there. 但是， “more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如：More members than one are against your plan. 8）一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors 等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of 等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：A pair of shoes was on the desk. 9）this kind of book =a book of this kind（这种书） ，其谓语动词用单数；短语 this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口语)（这一类人） ，但 this kind of men 的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind 和 these kind of men 的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of 后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.10）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，作用单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means （方法） ，works（工厂） ，species（种类） ，Chinese，Japanese 等。如：The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. (这家玻璃厂建于 1980 年。)The（These ）glass works are near the railway station. （这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。 ）当它们前面有 a, such a , this, that 修饰时，谓语用单数；有 all, such, these, those 修饰时，谓语用复数，但 means, no means, the means 等词前没有以上修饰词时，可用作单数，也可用作复数。11）如果名词词组中心词是 all，most, half, rest 等词语，所指的复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。如：All of my classmates like music.All of the water is gone.12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two windows hangs a picture.2由连接词连接的名词作主语1）用 and 或 bothand 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如： 中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家教育是对知识与道德的忠诚！4Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时 and 后面的名词没有冠词。如：Truth and honesty is the best policy.The girls teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and to be loved is great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.2）当主语后面跟有 as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to 等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数而定。如：The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.）以 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also 等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如：Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.Either you or he is to go.3代词作主语1）名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：Ours (Our Party) is a great party. Your shoes are black, and mine(=my shoes) are brown. 2）such, the same 起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。如：Such is our plan. Such are his words. 3）关系代词 who, that, which 等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：Those who want to go please put up your hands. Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. 4）疑问代词 who, what, which 作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如：Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu. Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu. What produce(s) heat ? 5）不定代词 any, either, neither, none, all some, more 等作主语时，有以下两种情况：单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词用单数或复数形式，例如：Now all has been changed. All are present. either, neither 单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。但后接 of 时，若 of 的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式，若 of 的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。如：Do(es) any of you know his address ?None of them has(have)s