,定语从句-基础点拨,一、 定义 在复合句中，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。,He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.,定语从句,先行词,关系词,关系词,关系代词 : who、whomthatwhichwhose、as,关系副词: wherewhenwhy,二、 分类 定从分为两类：限制性定从 、非限制性定从 限制性定从对先行词起修饰限制作用； 非限制性定从对先行词起补充说明作用； 在非限制性定从中，先行词与定语从句往往用逗号隔开 He has two sons, who work in the same company. ( He has only two sons.) 他有两个儿子，他们在同一家公司上班。 He has two sons who work in the same company. ( Perhaps he has more than two sons. ) 他有两个在同一家公司上班的儿子。,三、 关系代词的基本用法 1. 关系代词的作用 （1）连接作用：把主句和从句连接起来 （2）替代作用：在从句中代替在它前面的先行词 （3）成分作用：在从句中充当一个成分 2. 关系代词的选择依据 （1）根据所引导的从句的限制和非限制性 （2）根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物 （3）根据它在从句中的成分- 主语、宾语、表语或定语,1. English is a tool _ is widely used in modern society. 2. The city _ we visited last year will hold a sports game. 3. The boy _ we saw playing basketball on the school field is John. 4. Have you seen a dictionary _cover is blue? 5. My desk-mate is a girl _ is called Mary. 6. My desk-mate is a girl_name is Mary. 7. His mother, _loves him very much, is strict with him. 8. China, _was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.,that/which,that/which,who/whom,whose,that/who,whose,who,which,1. It is said that Mo Yans hometown is the place _ has inspired him throughout his writing career Ain which Bwhere Cthat Das,【解析】句意：据说莫言的家乡是激励他整个创作生涯的地方。此处the place是先行词，在定语从句中充当主语.,C,小试牛刀,2. Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom,【解析】本题考查定语从句。定语从句中缺少主语，故用which引导；when在定语从句中作时间状语；where在定语从句中作地点状语；whom在定语从句中作宾语。句意：最后他到达了一个荒凉的岛屿，这座岛屿完全与外界隔离。,C,3. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D. whom,B,【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。who引导非限制 性定语从句，在从句中做主语，替代先行词Ellen （人名）。句意： Ellen是一位专画花鸟和山水的 画家，因某个原因远离世俗 。,4. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected. A. whose B. that C. who D. which,A,【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是those，指人且在定语从句中作定语修饰其后的名词lives, 所以用whose。句意：这本书以那些生活受到地震影响的人们的眼光讲述了这次地震中的许多故事。,5. The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where,B,【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词shop,在定语从句中作customers的定语。相当于原句the school shops customers are mainly students. 句意为“这个学校商店, 其主顾大多是学生, 因为放假就关门了。”,6. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _ made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true. A. it B. that C. what D. which,D,【解析】考查定语从句。此处which指代前面整个主句内容，引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语。句意：莫言2012年被授予诺贝尔奖，使中国长期以来的梦想之一成为现实。,7. We have launched another man-made satellite, _ is announced in todays newspaper. A. that B. which C. who D. what,B,【解析】考查定语从句。此处关系代词which指代整个主句，引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。句意：我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这是在今天的报纸上宣布的。,8. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. A. who; / B. /; who C. who; who D. /; / 【解析】考查定语从句。通过分析可知，两个定语从句都缺少主语，其先行词分别是women和those（指代women），故都用who。句意是“每天喝两杯以上咖啡的妇女比那些不喝咖啡的人更有机会患心脏病。”,C,9. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what,【解析】考查定语从句。 根据句意确定先行词为people， 在定从中充当主语，故B 正确。which指物，where充当地点状语，what 不引导定从。,B,10. That evening，_ I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. when,【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。 先行词为that evening, 在非限制性定从中充当tell的宾语，故B正确。that 不能引导非限制性定从，what不引导定从，when 引导定从充当时间状语.,B,11. Those cars are sold at such a low price _ people expected. A. like B. as C. that D. which,12. We have found such materials _ are used in their factory. A. that B. which C. as D. what,13. He has changed a lot and he isnt the same person _ he used to be. A. that B. which C. what D. as,B,C,D, 关系代词as 的用法 as 既可引导限制性定语从句, 也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。引导限制性定语从句时，常用于the same.as ; suchas; soas等结构中. 如： 1. Im wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday. 2. He is such a lazy man as nobody wants to work with. 3. He is such a lazy man _ nobody wants to work with him.,that,such/ so that 如此以至于 结果状语从句,1. This is such an interesting book _ we all like it. 2. This is such an interesting book _ we all like . 3. Mrs. Black took the police back to the same place _ she witnessed the robbery.,that,as,where,小试牛刀,四、 关系副词的基本用法,I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. (when = on which) Can you tell me the office where he works？(where = in which) Do you know the reason why he is absent? (why = for which ),when =表时间的介词（in, at, on, during等）+ which where =表地点的介词 （in, at, in, under等）+ which why = 表原因的介词 （for）+ which,1. Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected. A. when B. which C. whose D. where,D,【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是national parks，在从句