covernext page title:Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism Bilingual Education and Bilingualism ; 1 author:Baker, Colin. publisher:Multilingual Matters isbn10 | asin:1853593583 print isbn13:9781853593581 ebook isbn13:9780585195773 language:English subject Education, Bilingual, Education, Bilingual-Great Britain, Bilingualism, Bilingualism-Great Britain. publication date:1996 lcc:LC3715.B35 1996eb ddc:370.117 subject:Education, Bilingual, Education, Bilingual-Great Britain, Bilingualism, Bilingualism-Great Britain. covernext page Page i Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism Page ii BILINGUAL EDUCATION AND BILINGUALISM Series Editors Professor Colin Baker, University of Wales, Bangor and Nancy Hornberger, University of Pennsylvania Other Books in the Series Becoming Bilingual: Language Acquisition in a Bilingual Community JEAN LYON Building Bridges: Multilingual Resources for Children MULTILINGUAL RESOURCES FOR CHILDREN PROJECT Curriculum Related Assessment, Cummins and Bilingual Children TONY CLINE and NORAH FREDERICKSON (eds) Language Minority Students in the Mainstream Classroom ANGELA L. CARRASQUILLO and VIVIAN RODRIGUEZ A Parents and Teachers Guide to Bilingualism COLIN BAKER Policy and Practice in Bilingual Education O. GARCA and C. BAKER (eds) Multicultural Child Care P. VEDDER, E. BOUWER and T. PELS Teaching Science to Language Minority Students JUDITH W. ROSENTHAL Working with Bilingual Children M.K. VERMA, K.P. CORRIGAN and S. FIRTH (eds) Please contact us for the latest book information: Mulitlingual Matters Ltd, Frankfurt Lodge, Clevedon Hall, Victoria Road, Clevedon, Avon BS21 7SJ, England Page iii Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism Second Edition Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 1 Series Editors: Colin Baker and Nancy Hornberger Colin Baker Academic Consultant: PROFESSOR OFELIA GARCA School of Education, City College of New York Page iv Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Baker, Colin, 1949- Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism/Colin Baker, 2nd edn. Bilingual Education and Bilingualism: 1. Includes bibliographical references. 1. Education, Bilingual. 2. Education, Bilingual-Great Britain. 3. Bilingualism. 4. Bilingualism-Great Britain. I. Title. II. Series. LC3715.B35 371.97-dc20 95-26506 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 1-85359-358-3 (hbk) ISBN 1-85359-357-5 (pbk) Multilingual Matters Ltd UK: Frankfurt Lodge, Clevedon Hall, Victoria Road, Clevedon, Avon BS21 7SJ. USA: 1900 Frost Road, Suite 101, Bristol, PA 19007, USA. Australia: P.O. Box 6025, 83 Gilles Street, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. Copyright 1996 Colin Baker All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed and bound in Great Britain by the Bath Press. Page v CONTENTS Foreword by Professor Ofelia Garcavii Acknowledgementsx Note on the Second Editionxi Introductionxiv Section A: The Individual and Social Nature of Bilingualism 1. Bilingualism: Definitions and Distinctions3 2. The Measurement of Bilingualism17 3. Languages in Society34 4. Language Revival and Reversal51 5. The Development of Bilingualism75 6. Second Language Acquisition94 7. Bilingualism and Intelligence116 8. Bilingualism and Thinking128 9. Cognitive Theories of Bilingualism and the Curriculum144 Section B: Bilingual Education Policies and Classroom Practices 10. An Introduction to Bilingual Education164 11. The Effectiveness of Bilingual Education199 12. Language Development and Language Allocation in Bilingual Education Settings225 13. Bilingual Schooling Issues250 14. Second Language Learning274 Page vi 15. Literacy in a Multicultural Society292 16. Literacy and Biliteracy in the Classroom314 17. Canadian Immersion Classrooms330 18. A Model and a Framework of Bilingual Education340 19. The Politics of Bilingualism351 20. Multiculturalism and Anti-Racism373 Recommended Further Reading389 Appendices393 Bibliography401 Author Index437 Subject Index444 Page vii FOREWORD Through time, the task given to most teachers has been to educate children from their own communities, children with whom they were deeply familiar as they shared a common language and ethnicity. Decisions about the education of these children centered mostly on socio-pedagogical issues, having to do with the content of the curriculum and the appropriate educational methodology used to communicate that content. But in the last thirty years, as the world has become increasingly inter-dependent, as ethnolinguistic diversity has become more recognized, and as the right to an education has been extended to more minority groups, teachers have been sternly challenged. The challenge comes from the new ethnolinguistic complexity that is increasingly reflected in their classrooms. For some teachers, the change has to do with students wh