The Greek world, 479323 bc The Greek World 479323 bc has been an indispensable guide to classical Greek history since its first publication nearly thirty years ago. Now Simon hornblower has comprehensively revised and partly rewritten his original text, bringing it up to date for yet another generation of readers. In particular, this fourth edition takes full account of recent and detailed scholarship on Greek poleis across the hellenic world, allowing for further development of the key theme of regional variety across the Mediterranean and beyond. other extensive changes include a new sub-chapter on Islands, a completely updated bibliography, and revised citation of epigraphic material relating to the fourth-century bc. with valuable coverage of the broader Mediterranean world in which Greek culture flourished, as well as close examination of Athens, Sparta and the other great city-states of Greece itself, this fourth edition of a classic work is a more essential read than ever before. Simon Hornblower is a Senior research Fellow at All Souls College, oxford. he was previously Professor of Classics and Grote Professor of Ancient history at University College london. he is a Fellow of the British Academy. his many publications in Greek history and classical civilization include a Commentary on Thucydides in three volumes (19912008). he is now working on commentaries on herodotus books 5 and 6, and on lykophrons Alexandra. roUTledGe hISTory oF The ANCIeNT world Series editor: Fergus Millar The ANCIeNT NeAr eAST C.3000330 bc Amlie Kuhrt GreeCe IN The MAkING 1200479 bc Second edition Robin Osborne The Greek world 479323 bc Fourth edition Simon Hornblower The Greek world AFTer AlexANder 32330 bc Graham Shipley The BeGINNINGS oF roMe Italy and rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic wars (c. 1000264 bc) Tim Cornell The roMAN world 44 bcad 180 Martin Goodman The roMAN eMPIre AT BAy, ad 180395 David S. Potter The MedITerrANeAN world IN lATe ANTIqUITy ad 395600 Averil Cameron Forthcoming: The roMAN rePUBlIC 26444 bc Edward Bispham The Greek world 479323 bc Fourth edition Simon Hornblower First published 1983 by Methuen Mantineia campaign; Melos; Persia and Amorges 165 Athens and the west, especially 415413 168 413411; the oligarchic revolution at Athens 178 411 to Aigospotamoi and the Athenian surrender 187 vii CoNTeNTS 14 The effects of the Peloponnesian war 190 Stasis and other upheavals; system building and treatise writing; professionalism 190 Military theory and practice 195 Political developments 203 Economic changes 207 Religion: change, and the absence of it 213 15 The Corinthian war 217 Introduction and summary 217 Athens in defeat: the Thirty Tyrants 218 The true cause of the Corinthian War: Spartan expansionism to all four points of the compass 219 The Corinthian War 225 The Kings Peace 232 16 The kings Peace to leuktra; the Second Athenian Confederacy 234 After the Kings Peace 234 The Second Athenian Confederacy 240 17 leuktra to Mantineia and the revolt of the satraps 253 Jason of Pherai 253 The three theatres of Theban foreign policy (1): the Peloponnese 254 The three theatres of Theban foreign policy (2): the north 256 The three theatres of Theban foreign policy (3): the Aegean 260 The run- up to the battle of Mantineia: the revolt of the satraps 263 18 Philip 268 Introduction; Persia and Syracuse in mid- century 268 Athens and the Social War 271 Sparta in mid- century 274 The Third Sacred War 274 Philips early years 277 Up to the Peace of Philokrates (346) 279 The Peace of Philokrates 282 The breakdown of the peace, the battle of Chaironeia and the settlement of Greece 284 19 Alexander 290 The accession 290 The Theban revolt; Alexander and the Greeks 294 The invasion of Asia Minor 297 Egypt; the city- foundations 302 The visit to the Ammon oracle; deification 305 viii CoNTeNTS Gaugamela; Alexander and the Persians 308 The passage through Afghanistan; worsening relations between Alexander and the Macedonians 312 India; the end 316 Conclusion 319 Notes 321 References 362 Index 388 FIGUreS 3.1 A pair of horsemen from the frieze of the Parthenon 19 3.2 delphi: general view 20 3.3 Nemea: the temple of Zeus 27 4.1 The Spartan dioskouroi, marble relief 46 4.2 The temple of Concord, Akragas 49 4.3 The charioteer of delphi (detail) 50 4.4 Motya statue 55 4.5 A coin of Syracuse, fifth century bc 56 4.6 orestes purification. Bell-krater from the louvre 57 5.1 king Arkesilas of kyrene overseeing the loading of wool. Spartan black-figure kylix 65 5.2 hemicycle fountain and, behind it, the column of Pratomedes in the Sanctuary of Apollo at kyrene 67 5.3 Suggested reconstruction of one of the shorter sides of the Mausoleum of halikarnassos 70 6.1 one of the Persian Immortals: terracotta relief 74 6.2 The sacrifice of Polyxena by Neoptolemos at the tomb of Achilles. relief, archaic marble sarcophagus from Gmay, Troad 75 6.3 Tribute bearers from the ceremonial staircase at Per