Sentence Writing,1,1. English Sentence Writing,1.1 Types of Sentences 1.2 Basic Sentence Patterns 1.3 Expanding Basic Sentence Patterns 1.4 Sentence Structure Problems 1.5 Subject-Verb Agreement,新世纪实用英语写作,新世纪实用英语写作,新世纪实用英语写作,新世纪实用英语写作,2,1.1 Types of English Sentences, Simple Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Compound-complex sentence Declarative Sentence Interrogative Sentence Imperative Sentence Exclamatory Sentence,3,简单句：只包含一个主谓结构且各个成分均由词组构成的句子。 e.g. He knows everything about it. 复杂句：带有其他主谓结构作为句子成分的句子。 e.g. He complained that what you said was not true. 并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句由并列连词或其他并列手段连接起来便构成并列句。 e.g. Most of us were in the hall, the doors had been closed, and the latecomers had to wait outside. 并列复杂句：包含一个或一个以上的复杂句作为并列成分的句子。 e.g. They watched television and enjoyed themselves inmensely, but we couldnt see the program because our television was broken.,4,Do you know?,The students I teach have made better grades in the past few weeks. The students would have made better grades if they had studied hard.,(Simple sentence),(Complex sentence),5,Do you know?,There arent as many trees here as there used to be. Did you hear about the new project? Please send my kind regards to your parents. How it thunders! 雷打得真响啊!,(Declarative sentence),(Imperative sentence),(Interrogative sentence),(Exclamatory sentence),6,1.2 Basic Sentence Patterns,SV (subject + intransitive verb)主-动 SVC ( subject + linking verb + subject complement )主-动-补 SVO (subject + transitive verb + direct object)主-动-宾 SVOiOd (subject + transitive verb + indirect object + direct object )主-动-宾-宾 SVOC (subject + transitive verb + object + object complement)主-动-宾-补,7,SV,The guests have arrived. Things change. There exist a variety of different opinions on this question. P.S. There + be是倒装结构,谓语还可以是appear, come, enter, exist, happen, lie, live, occur, remain, rise, seem, stand等。,新世纪实用英语写作,新世纪实用英语写作,新世纪实用英语写作,8,SVC,Hard work and honesty are the keys to success. Without suitable preservation, food goes bad easily. P.S. 系动词还有appear, become, grow, prove, run, seem, feel, look, smell, sound, taste等。,新世纪实用英语写作,9,SVO,Students often recite useful phrases to be used in their compositions. Do you mind filling out this application form? P.S. 以动名词作宾语的动词包括avoid, admit, deny, enjoy, finish, keep, mind, postpone, recommend, prefer, require, resume, risk, quit, practice 等。,新世纪实用英语写作,10,SVOiOd(SVoO),一位朋友给我带来一本内科学的教科书。 A friend of mine brought me a textbook of lexicology. OR: A friend of mine brought a textbook of lexicology to me. P.S. 此句型的动词有bring, buy, fetch, get, give, lend, offer, save, sell, send, show, take, wish等。,新世纪实用英语写作,11,SVOC,在SVOC结构中，及物动词之后跟宾语和宾语补语。 Today, we call Einstein a genius. They believe it important to make an early diagnosis of cancer. P.S. 主谓宾补结构的常见动词有believe, call, consider, cut, elect, find, have, keep, leave, let, like, make, name, polish, think, want, wish等。,12,On Auguest 6, 1945, an American aircraft dropped a bomb on the Japanese town of Hiroshima. /The bomb exploded 1,000 ft. above the ground. /Within the fraction of a second, the bomb changed from a metal cylinder into an immense mass of expanding gas, millions of degrees hot. /The air itself around the point of explosion began to burn. /A shower of penetrating invisible rays attacked every living or dead thing in the town. /Then followed a shock-wave(冲击波) which shattered the buildings and a tremendous blast of hot air whirled the debris of stone, concrete, metal and wood over the ground. /The explosion killed at least 140,000 people and left tens of thousands of others disfigured for life.,13,Compare the following sentences： Hong Kong is a very large city. Hong Kong is an overcrowded and commercialized city. Hong Kong is an overcrowded and commercialized city with a population of over seven million.,1.3 Expanding Sentences,14,How to expand sentences?,(1) Addition 增添法 (2) Coordination 并列法 (3) Subordination 从属法,15,（1） Addition,Expanding with Modifier Words (修饰词) Expanding with Modifier Phrases (修饰短语) a. 用介词短语扩展 b. 用不定式短语扩展 c. 用动名词短语扩展 d. 用分词短语扩展,16,Put multi-modifiers in order：,限定词（冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词等） 数词 一般描绘性形容词（短词语在前，长词语在后） 表示大小、长短、高低的形容词 表示形状的形容词 表示年龄、新旧的形容词 表示颜色的形容词 表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词 表示物质、材料的形容词 表示用途、类别的形容词。,17,简化版： 限定描绘大长高 形状年龄和新老 颜色国籍出材料 作用类别往后靠,18,教室里有一张新的日本制造圆形红色木质大课桌。,Examples of modifier phrases,With great feeling, Martin Luther King, Jr. expressed his dream of freedom. 介词短语 Its difficult to make a decision without knowing all the facts. 不定式短语 The ganitor staggered down the stairway, gasping for air.动名词短语 A new technique having been worked out, the yields this year as a whole increased by 30% in this area. 分词短语,19,（2） Coordination,Expanding with Compound Sentences (并列句) 使用并列连词 and, or, but, not only.but also, so, either.or, yet. 使用连接副词 however, moreover, otherwise, therefore, besides. 使用分号连接 Expanding with Parallelism （平行结构）,20,Expanding with Parallelism,Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind. 青春不是年华，而是心境