It was exciting. 2.He had an embarassing experience. 3.He noticed people staring at them. 4.His friend went to his room closing the door. Which of the present participle is used as A.定语 to describe a noun B.表语 to express features of the subject. C. 宾补 to add information to an object D.状语 to describe two actions that happen at the same time.,B,A,c,D,The Present Participle,双,I. Forms of the present participle II. Functions of the present participle,The Present Participle,The Forms of the Present Participle,doing,being done,having done,having been done,doing,having done,注：完成式不能用来做定语，只做状语,The Functions of the Present Participle,1. Used as a predicative(表语),（1） The play is exciting. （2）The story he told us was very interesting.,现在分词作表语规律总结,现在分词作表语表示主语的性质或特征。 分词作表语时，相当于形容词,不可与构成进行时态中的分词混淆起来。 (3) The book is moving. (4) They are moving to Shanghai next Sunday ,现在分词作表语常见的词有：exciting，interesting，disappointing等,现在分词作定语规律总结,现在分词作定语： A) 表示动作的主动性 B) 表示动作正在进行 如果是单个单词，放在被修饰的名词前； 如果是短语，就放在被修饰的名词之后。,a developing country, a country which is developing,2.Used as an attribute（定语）,a sleeping boy a falling leaf a rising sun a bridge being built, a boy who is sleeping,= a leaf which is falling,= a sun which is rising,= a bridge which is being built,The Functions of the Present Participle,Used as an attribute在句中 (= a relative clause定语从句),The girls dancing on the stage are very charming. The building standing over there is our new library. A famous writer visiting Japan was invited to give a lecture at a university.,The girls who are dancing on the stage are very charming.,The building which stands over there is our new library.,A famous writer who was visiting Japan was invited to give a lecture at a university.,=,=,=,1. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.,2. I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.,The Functions of the Present Participle,3. Used as an object complement（宾补）,3. The baby watched his dad cooking in the kitchen.,现在分词作宾语补足语通常用在动词notice、observe、look at、see、watch;make、let、have;hear、listen to;feel; 外加find、leave和with复合结构之后，补充说明宾语的动作。,现在分词作宾补规律总结,“五看，三让，两听，一感觉”,A) Hearing the cry for help, he rushed out.,The Functions of the Present Participle,= When he heard the cry for help, he rushed out.,2. Used as an adverbial (= an adverbial clause),B) Having finished doing his homework, he goes on to watch TV.,= When he has finished doing his homework, he goes on to watch TV.,Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole town.,= If you see from the hill, you can get the whole town.,现在分词作状语规律总结1 现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致，且表示的是主动的关系。 which one is right？ Entering the room, he found a letter on the desk. Entering the room, a letter was found on the desk. 时间状语,（2）现在分词作条件状语,（1）现在分词短语做时间状语,现在分词作状语规律总结2,现在分词作状语，分词与谓语动词的先后关系问题。 1.doing 表示分词的动作与谓语动词几乎同时发生或一前一后发生。,(1) He read a magazine, waiting for the bus. (2) Seeing her fall, he rushed to help her.,2. having done 表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前。,Having eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out.,Suffering from a bad headache that day, I was not in a very good mood.,The Functions of the Present Participle,= Because I suffered from a bad headache that day, I was not in a very good mood,（3）现在分词作原因状语,（4）现在分词作结果状语,= He dropped the cup and (as a result) broke it into pieces.,He dropped the cup, breaking it into pieces.,The Functions of the Present Participle,现在分词作结果状语与不定式的区别：,eg:The vase fell off the table,_ (break) into pieces.,不定式to do作状语：表示出乎意料的结果，常为only 或just to do sth。,breaking,He ran to the station,only_ (find) the first bus had left.,to find,现在分词做结果状语：表示顺其自然的结果。,The Functions of the Present Participle,He stood in the way of leaning against the wall.,He stood leaning against the wall.,（6）现在分词作方式状语，通常跟在动词stand, go, come和sit后。,He read a magazine and waited for the bus.,He read a magazine, waiting for the bus.所做句子成分？,（5）现在分词作伴随状语,=,=,现在分词作状语有时也是有连词的：,(1) Once having made a promise, you should keep it. (2) You must not use my pen unless writing a letter.,现在分词作状语时，前面也可以带有连词如 when, while, once, where, if, unless although, even if, whetheror, as if, as,从 而使与主句关系更加明确。,注意：after, before , since 引导ing分句时为介词，非连词 After opening the door, she went on to feed the chicken.,The girl singing a folk song is my sister. The girl stood over there, singing a folk song. I heard her singing a folk song in the party. 4. The folk song she sang was very moving.,as an attribute (定语),as an adverbial (状语),as an object complement (宾语补足语),as a predicative (表语),Please speak out the functions of these present participles,1. She is writing a letter to a friend of hers, _him to the party . A. Having invited B. inviting C. to invite D. invited,3._several times, the young scientist still kept on making his experiments. A. Having been failed B. Having failed C. Though failed D. Because of failure,B,B,B,D,2._all my letters, I had a drink and went out. A. Finished B. Having finished C. Finishing D. To finish,4.The food_ at the moment is for the dinner party. A. cooked B. to be cooked C.