轨道专业术语中英文对照表中文名称英 文 对 照一、道岔turnout道岔和交叉turnout and crossings单开道岔simple turnout对称道岔 bilateral turnout三开道岔symmetrical double turnout/three-throw turnout/tandem turnout 菱形交叉diamond crossing交分道岔slip switch复式交分道岔double slip switch单式交分道岔single slip switch单渡线Single crossover渡线Crossover交叉渡线scissors crossover套线overlapping of lines套线道岔mixed gauge turnout左开道岔left hand turnout 右开道岔right hand turnout高速道岔high-speed turnout提速道岔speed-up turnout普速道岔conventional turnout二、转辙器 Switch可弯式尖轨转辙器flexible switch间隔铁式尖轨转辙器loose heel switch转辙角switch angle三、导曲线（连接部分）lead curve四、辙叉Frog高锰钢（整铸）辙叉solid manganese steel frog钢轨组合辙叉bolted rigid frog可动心轨辙叉movable-point frog钝角辙叉obtuse frog锐角辙叉end frog曲线辙叉curved frog辙叉角frog angle辙叉号数frog number辙叉心轨理论尖端theoretical point of switch rail辙叉趾端toe end of frog辙叉跟端heel end of frog辙叉趾长toe length of frog辙叉跟长heel length of frog辙叉趾宽toe length of frog辙叉跟宽heel length of frog辙叉咽喉throat of frog五、轨件Rail基本轨stock rail直基本轨straight stock rail曲基本轨curved stock rail尖轨switch rail直线尖轨straight switch rail曲线尖轨curved switch rail护轨guard rail，check rail翼轨wing rail心轨point rail，nose rail异形轨compromise rail矮形轨flat-web-section rail特种断面钢轨special section rail长心轨long point rail短心轨short point rail导轨guide rail/closure rail淬火轨quenched rail绝缘轨insulated rail可动心轨swing nose rail无缝钢轨continuous welded rail （CWR）轨缝joint gap钢轨接头rail joint绝缘接头insulated joint胶结接头glued joint焊接接头welded joint冻接接头frozen joint异形接头compromise joint六、板件Plate轨撑垫板 tie plate of rail brace接头平垫板joint flat tie plate辙跟垫板switch heel tie plate支距扣板offset fastening plate垫板tie plate七、轨枕Sleeper木枕wooden sleeper混凝土枕concrete sleeper岔枕switch sleeper八、零部件Components工件workpiece易损件wear parts备件spare parts扣件rail fastenings弹条Clip弹性扣件elastic rail fastenings尖轨补强板reinforcing bar轨撑rail brace支撑块support block支座条bearer strap低紧扣件low restrain fastening道钉track spike间隔铁filler 限位器position-limited device滑床板slide plate鱼尾板Fishplate道岔拉杆switch rod，stretcher bar道岔连杆connecting bar，following stretcher bar钢轨伸缩调节器expansion joint导电销conductive pin调整楔adjusting wedge辙跟内轨撑rail brace inside of switch heel辙跟外轨撑rail brace outside of switch heel双头螺柱double head bolt轨距块gauge block调整片adjustment shim长方头螺栓rectangle head bolt接头夹板fish plate， joint bar接头螺栓fish bolt， tract bolt螺纹道钉screw spike轨撑rail brace补强板reinforcing bar顶铁Iron/stud/Distance block调整片adjustable shim绝缘垫片insulated shim轨距块是扣轨肢的，顶铁是顶轨腰的，间隔铁一般是和钢轨轨头下颚和轨肢上颚相接触的。九、术语Terms道岔全长total length of turnout/overall length前长Front length后长Rear length道岔中心centre of turnout道岔号数turnout number道岔始端beginning of turnout道岔终端end of turnout道岔主线main line of turnout道岔侧线branch line of turnout道岔基线reference line of turnout道岔轨排Switch panel尖轨理论尖端theoretical point of switch rail尖轨尖端actual point of switch rail尖轨尖端降低值switch point relief尖轨跟端heel of switch rail尖轨长度length of switch rail尖轨尖端前基本轨长度length of stock rail ahead of actual point of switch rail动程throw of switch查照间隔guard check gauge护背距离guard face gauge有害空间gap in the frog冲击角angle of impact轮缘槽Flangeway整体道床solid bed标准轨距铁路standard gauge railway复曲线compound curve缓和曲线transition curve轨距加宽gauge widening曲线超高cant，superelevation轨底坡cant of rail钢轨工作边gage line/working surface of rail轨距Gauge过渡段Transition area轮背距Wheel back-to-back 藏尖深度Point retraction十、工艺Processes调直straighten顶弯bend钻孔drill冷膨cold expansion定长锯切cutting to length焊接weld退火Anneal ni:l 正火normalizing淬火quench精调final adjustment矫正adjust定位position调平leveling倒棱chamfer压标识fit identification涂装coat组装assembly打磨grinding镦粗clench/upsetting十一、设备Equipment龙门铣床Gantry Milling Machine锻压机Forge Press闪光对焊机Flash Butt Welder电焊机Electric Welder数控钻床CNC Drilling Machine车床lathe圆锯床Circular Sawing Machine顶弯机Bending Machine加热炉Heat Oven砂轮机Rotary Sander天车Overhead Crane叉车Forklift剪板机Sheet Shears刀具Cutting Tools喷丸机shot blaster冷却塔Cooling Tower 弯曲试验机bend tester缓冲器buffer stops空气除尘器air cleaner 上料台input magazine卸料台Output magazine液压牛头刨床Hydraulic Bullnose Plane立式加工中心Vertical Machining Center (VMC) 钢轨移动系统Rail Transfer System (RTS)中频感应加热器Medium Frequency Induction Heater中频淬火机床Medium Frequency Quenching Machine十二、机械术语轴Shaft联轴器coupling链轮chain wheel轴Axis横梁Crossbeam盘Disc定距环distance-ring线架thread rack管子Pipe导向键feather key装配板 assembly plate定距盘 distance disc