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常考点:复合谓语表示 英语的复合谓语常用的几种形式,都是近年高考的热点,同时又是教材中的难点和同学们的易错题。本文就常用的几种形式作一浅析,以期对同学们复习和应考有所补益。I.情态动词不定式1.情态动词can,could,may,might,will,would,shall,should都可与不定式的一般式连用,意思是可能 、许可、必须等。如果要表示对现在或将来的推测时,情态动词的过去式与一般式在含义上并无多大 区别,只是语气更为婉转。例如:(1)-Could I borrow your dictionary?我可以借用你的辞典吗? -Yes,of course you can.(NMET94-23)可以,当然可以。(2)If there were no examination,we should have a much happier time at school.(NMET94-30)要是不考试,我们在学校就会玩得更开心些。2.can,may,must和不定式的完成式连用,表示对过去发生的行为或存在的状态进行想象和推测,含义是“ 可能已经,或许已经,一定等。例如:(3)Where is my pen?I must have lost it.(NMET92-35,SAM)我的钢笔在哪里?我准是弄丢了。 (4)-Li Hua must have gone to Beijing.李华一定是去北京了。No,he cant have gone there.I saw him a minute ago.(92江西 省高考适应性试题)不,他不可 能去北京,我刚才还看见过他呢。3.could,might,would,should,ought to,neednt和不定式的完成式连用,不仅可以表示对过去发生的行为 或存在的状态进行想象和推测,而且还可以表示本来可能,本来应该完成而实际上并未完成的动作或 状态与过去事实相反的假设,而neednt则表示本来不必实现而又完成了这样一种情况。例如:(5)I told Sally how to get here,but I perhaps should havewritten it out for her.(NMET94-16)我 告诉塞丽怎样去那儿,或许我本来应该给她写清楚。(6)Tom ought not to have told me your secret,but he meantnoherm.(MET93-15)汤姆本来不该把你的秘密告诉我,但是他没有恶意。 II.had better,would rather和不定式连用,表示劝告或主观上做出选择, 例如:(7)-Mum,I think Im well enough to get back to school.妈,我想我已经恢复健康了,可以返回去上 学了。-Not really,my dear.Youd better stay home for another day or two.(NMET93-38)你还没有真正康复呢,亲爱的,你最好是再在家里呆上一两天。(8)-Im sorry.But what happened?对不起,发生了什么事啦? -Well,I would rather not tell you.(SBII,p60)唔,我情愿不告诉你的好。 III.be going to,be to,be about,be able to,be likely to,have to,happen to,seem to,appear to,u sed to,get to等结构和不定式连用的情况极为普遍, 例如: (9)Is this the problem to be discussed at the meeting nextFriday? (92江西省高考预选及师范专 科统招试题)这就是要在下周星期五的会上讨论的问题吗?(10)If city noises are not kept from infreasing,people will have to shout to be heard even a t the table 20 years from now.(MET92-31)如果不能制止市内噪音的增长,人们只好从现在起用二十年时间 在会议桌边大声疾呼,以使人们听见他们的呼声。.表示说话及心理状态的动词如 say,report,believe,suppose,think,know,consider等的被动结构后面常 接不定式,例如: (11)I dont know the restaurant,but its said to be quitea good one.(NMET94-36)我不知道那家餐 馆,但是据说它是满不错的一家餐馆。 (12)Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first conputer.(NMET93-15)人 们普遍认为是查尔斯贝贝治发明了第一台计 算机。(13)The new secretary is supposed to report to the manageras soon as she arrives.(MET90-16)新 来的秘书一到就应该向经理报到。.许多主动语态带复合宾语的动词构成被动语态后,补足语为带to的不定式、分词或形容词等,这也是一 种复合谓语形式。例如:(14)John was made to wash the truck for a week as a punishment.(NMET91-28)约翰被迫洗一周卡车作为惩罚。(15)The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.(NMET94-25) 上一次有人看见那些遗失 孩子在河边玩。(16)When the time comes,the cocoons are torn open by the aunt nueses.(SBI,p225)到时候蚕茧就被 保育蚁撕开。.不及物动词表语结构其中主语常是事物名词,谓语用主动形式表示被动意义。表语用形容词,常见错误是用成副词。例如:1.谓语是某些表示知觉或感觉的动词如 feel,sound,taste,smell,look,seem,appear等。(17)-Do you like the material?你喜欢那材料吗? -Yes.It feels very soft.(NMET94-27)(不用softly)喜欢,它摸起来 很柔软。(18)These oranges taste good.(MET91-21)(不用well)这些橘柑味道鲜 美。2.表示从一种状态变为另一种状态的动词如 become,grow,get,turn,fall,go,come,run等。 (19)-Can I join your club,Dad?爸爸,我可以参加你们的俱乐部吗? -You can when get a bit older.(NMET94-15)你长大了就可以参加。(20)It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.(NMET92-35) 使她有点忧虑的是她的头发正 在变白。3.表示保持某种状态的动词如continue,remain,keep,prove,turnout,stand,sit,lie,stay等。(21)Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.(MET90-27)汤姆对那一事件守口如瓶,以不致于丢掉饭碗。(22)The Swede stood quite still.(SBI,p252)瑞典人一动不动地站着。(23)The temperature stayed high this week.气温一直居高不下。4.上述1-3项中只有appear,seem,prove,turn out等之后可以接to be 形容词结构,其它则不能。这又是易错题。例如: (25)The weather turned out to be very good,which was morethan we could expect.(NMET94-39)天气 结果很晴朗,这是我们始料不及的。(26)She appears to be very tired and sad.(SBI,p215)她看起来既疲备又悲伤。
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