教学内容所在教材位置NCE Lesson 4 (P24)课题Grammar: 现在完成时课型语法课流程学习内容笔记明确目标1. 了解现在完成时的意义。2. 掌握现在完成时的结构及用法。提出问 题（独学）Task I. 语法填空I have just _ (receive) a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He _ (be) there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already _ (visit) a great number of different _ (place) in Australia. He has just _ (buy) an Australian car and has _ (go) to Alice springs, a small town in _ centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly _ Perth. My brother has never _ (be) abroad before, so he is finding this trip very_ (excite). 自学互动（对、群学）Task II. 现在完成时一现在完成时的意义及用法：1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如：He has already finished his homework.2. 表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在。如：I have lived here for over 30 years.二现在完成时的基本结构：have/has + done(动词过去分词)易错点:1. 忘记使用助动词have/has 2. 动词的过去分词写错。注意: 动词的过去分词变化形式有五种情况,分别如下: A) 一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed ,如：offered, worked , wanted , acted。B) 以不发音的 -e 结尾动词词尾加 -d,如：liked,loved, hated, lived,hoped, moved,arrived, decided, used, changed,agreed,saved, judged, raised , skated。C) 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如： try-tried,study-studied,carry-carried,hurry-hurried,cry-cried,worry-worried,copycopied 注意: 以元音字母+y结尾，直接+ed, ,如：destroyed, played D) 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的则先双写末尾的辅音字母再ed.如：regret-regretted, plan-planned,stop-stopped,drop-dropped(掉下,落下), fit-fitted(适合),prefer-preferred(更喜欢), beg-begged, refer-referred(提到,谈到), occur-occurred(出现,发生), ban-banned(禁止)，travel-travel(l)edE） 不规则动词的过去式和过去分词变化规律性不强,须多加记忆. 如: fall -fell -fallen;feel felt- felt; hold- held- held; think- thought- thought;take- took-taken三现在完成时的否定形式：have/has + not +done(动词过去分词).He has not washed the dishes./ We have not read the book.四现在完成时的一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词（p.p)（V-ed）+其他? 如：Have you had breakfast yet?/ Has Mike cleaned the blackboard?肯定回答：Yes,I have.或Yes,she/he/人名 has.否定回答：No,I havent.或No，she/he/人名 hasnt.模仿例句提问并作肯定或否定回答eg: Ive already had lunch. Have you had lunch yet?1. Ive already seen the new play at “The Globe”. Have you ?2. Ive already taken my holidays. 3. Ive already done my homework. 五. 现在完成时的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）? 如：Who has finished the work?模仿例句对划线部分提问1. Ive already seen the new play at “The Globe”. 2. Ive already taken my holidays. 3. Ive already done my homework. 六现在完成时常用的时间状语：just, already yet, never, ever, recently, lately, since, for,in the past few years, so far/ uptonow（直到现在）. etc. 应特别注意这些时间状语的位置；just, already, never, ever放在助动词have/has和动词的过去分词之间；而yet, recently, lately, since, for,in the past few years, so far/uptonow放在句尾。注：yet（还）只能用于完成的否定句戓疑问句中而不能用于肯定句，其位置在句尾；still（还，仍然）可用在进行时中但不能用完成时中，其位置地助词和现在分词之间。改写以下句子，将括号中表示时间的状语放在恰当的位置。1. I have had breakfast. (just) 2. He has been in prison. (for six months) 3. The police have not caught the thief.(yet) 4. You have asked that question three times. (already) 5. Have you been to Switzerland? (ever) 6. I have been to Switzerland. (never) 7. He is a wonderful runner. He has broken two records. (so far) 8I havent seen George. (lately) 点拨提升（展示、点评）A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成且结果仍对现在有影响。They have already developed a new project.The writer has finished his novel and prepares to publish it.B)表示从过去某时刻开始，一直延续到现在的动作或情况，可能还要继续下去，此时经常用延续性动词。此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语（由since或for引导），或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语（如：up to now，so far）等。例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。（动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。）I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。（动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。）例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。The old lady has learned English for ten years.His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来获得了许多好评。注意：现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：现在完成时强调动作的结果或影响，对现在有影响；过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。如：I bought a new house, but I havent sold my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.John has broken his left leg.（约翰摔断了左腿。）比较：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.C)在“It /This is the first/second/best (worst, most interesting等)名词从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。It is the third time that y