2011/2/7 1 Introduction ofIntroduction of Nanotechnology FRP re-bars Biomedical: teeth, filler, bone replacements, artificial limbs Electrical: Panels, switch gear, insulators, moulding compounds conductive adhesives 28 moulding compounds, conductive adhesives Others: wind turbine blades, musical instruments, umbrellas, pens, lighters 2011/2/7 15 Applications of Polymer matrix Composites 29 Airbus A380 Largest passenger aircraft Made of largest amount of carbon fibers Stealth Aircrafts Extensive use of carbon fibre composites to make them undetectable by radars B-2 bomber Boeing 777 Worldliner Longest-range passenger aircraft 30 SR-71 “Blackbird“ B-2 bomber 2011/2/7 16 Sporting Goods 31 Automobile Body Components 32 2011/2/7 17 Electronics Applications 33 Hybrid Nanocomposite Golf Shaft AccuFLEX Golfs Nano Composite technology enhancement increases the surface area of our shafts thereby creating a tighter molecular structure. This means that shafts that are enhanced with AccuFLEX Golfs Nano Composite technology have less voids in 34 technology have less voids in the fiber, tighter tolerances and can feature lighter weight with more fiber density. Nano Composite technology shafts are also stronger, have faster recovery with less shaft deformation while transmitting better feel. 2011/2/7 18 Babolak Tennis Racket Babolak nanorachet is made from graphite fabrics and 35 from graphite fabrics and carbon nanotubes Babolak nanorachet is five times stiffer than graphite rackets It is selling at US$180-250 Super-strong, Super-light Bicycle Frames CNT COMPOSITE Easton is the first manufacturer to incorporate real nanotechnology in bicycle components. Carbon t b(CNT) 36 nanotubes (CNT) strengthen the resin matrix at the molecular level 2011/2/7 19 Other Sporting Goods Other sporting goods containing carboncontaining carbon nanotubes: those traditionally made with graphite fibre composites Hockey sticks Helmets Racing yacht masts 37 Racing yacht masts Baseball bats Super-hard Bowling Balls by Nanodesu ABS Nanodesu X Super-wear resistant and abrasion resistant coatingabrasion-resistant coating Coating Material: FULLERENE NANO CARBON C-60 Lane Condition: Heavy Oil Ball Color: Grey Ball Finish: Polished Price: US$159.98 (High quality normal ABS- 38 (High quality normal ABS- acrylonitrile butadiene styrene- balls costs about US$ 40-50) 2011/2/7 20 Organoclay-Polymer Nanocomposites Organoclay reinforced EVOH, PET, PCL matrix nanocomposites with excellent gas/moisture barrier g/ characteristics Incorporation of proactive antimicrobial capabilities for enhanced shelf life (use-by- date) of the contents Application of nanocomposite films for various food and beverage packages 39 beverage packages Metal-Matrix Composites (MMC) The matrix is more ductile than the reinforcements The reinforcement may improve specific strength/stiffness, abrasion resistance, i tthldti it Pressure creep resistance, thermal conductivity and dimensional stability of the overall composites Advantages over PMC Higher operating temperatures Non-flammability Greater resistance to degradation by organic fluids Disadvantages 40 g Expensive due to high process temperature, e.g. solidus temperature of the metal. Higher density due to difficult to make the composites with low volume fraction of filler since the filler naturally contact one another. (Then, how to fabricate low filler volume fraction in MMC?) Preform: reinforcement, binder (can be polymer (e.g. acrylic), ceramic (e.g. silica), or the matrix metal itself. 2011/2/7 21 Matrix materials Superalloy (e.g. single crystal Ni based alloys), Al, Mg, Ti, Cu Reinforcements C, SiC, B, Al2O3fibers, SiC, Al2O3particles Applications: Automobile engine components Aerospace structures (e.g. space shuttle orbiter, f 41 telescope made from B or C fibers-Al matrix composites) Turbine engines (W fiber- superalloy composites) Ceramic-Matrix Composites (CMC) For use in high temperature and severe p stress applications, e.g. automobile and aircraft gas turbine engines Advantages High strength and modulus Very high service 42 Very high service temperature Reduced weight (lower fuel consumption) Disadvantages Very brittle 2011/2/7 22 Structural Composites Laminar composites: Stacked and bonded fiber- reinforced sheets - stacking sequence: e.g., 0/90gqg , - benefits: balanced properties in all plane directions Sandwich panels - low density, honeycomb core - benefit: small weight, large bending stiffness dhil face sheet 43 honeycomb adhesive layer Summary Keys for polymeric nanocomposite development:development: Synthesis of nano-scaled particles; Proper processing and fabrication techniques for uniform dispersibility of the nanoparticles; Characterization of nanoparticles aiming 44 Characterization of nanoparticles aiming to impart new nanocomposites with improved performance; Characterization of nanocomposites; Applications.