一、选择（20个）二、判断（1020个）三、填空（5分）四、词语解释（3个，各5分）五、简答（2个，各10分；其中一个是语用学）六、句子分析（4个）IC analysis 是倒着的树形图Chomsky 是有S, NP,VP与其中的树形图。1. Phonetics & Language Introduction:1. There is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. A dog might be a pig if only the first person or group of persons had used it for a pig. This is _one of the design features of language.A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 2. Language is a system of two sets of structures, one of sounds and the other of meaning. This is _ . It makes people possible to talk everything within his knowledge.A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 3. _ refers to the ability to construct and understand an indefinitely large number of sentences in ones native language, including those that he has never heard before, but that are appropriate to the speaking situation.A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 4. _ refers to the fact that one can talk about things that are not present, as easily as he does things present. The dog couldnt be bow-wowing sorrowfully for some lost love or a bone to be lost.A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 5. _ means language is not biologically transmitted from generation to generation, but the linguistic system must be learnt anew by each speaker. A. duality B. Arbitrariness C. interchangeability D. cultural transmission 6. _ means that any human being can be both a producer and a receiver of messages.A. duality B. Arbitrariness C. interchangeability D. cultural transmission 7. To say “How are you. ” “Hi” to your friends is the _of language. A. directive function B. informative function C. phatic function (adj. 交流感情/交际应酬的) D. interrogative function 8. “Tell me the result when you finish.” If you want to get your hearer to do something, you should use the _ function of language. A. directive function B. informative functionC. phatic function D. interrogative function9. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as _. A. unnatural B. something to be feared C. natural C. abnormal10. A linguist is interested in _. A. speech sounds only B. all sounds C. vowels only C. consonants only11. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop? A. t B. m C. b D. p12. Which of the following sounds is a voiced affricate? A. y B. t C. z D. d 13. Which of the following sounds is a central vowel?A. B. i C. ou D. a: 14. In the following sounds , _ is a palatal fricative ?A. s B. C. l D. 15. In the following sounds , _ is a voiceless affricative ? A. d B. v C. t D. 16. In English if a word begins with a l or r ,then the next sound must be a _. A. fricative B. nasal sound C. semi-vowel D. vowel17. Of the “words” listed below, _ is not an English word ? A. rb B. l b C. msta: D. lmp18. _ are produced when the obstruction created by the speech organs is total and audibly released. A. Back vowels B. StopsC. Fricatives C. Glides19. The International Phonetic Association devised the INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET in _. A. 1965 B. 1957 C. 1888 D. 178820. _ is a phonological unit , and it is a unit that is of distinctive value. A. Phone B. Phoneme C. Allophone D. SoundII. Tell which statements are true or false.1. f is a dental consonant. 2. Phonology studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. 3. Phoneme is a phonological unit. 4. Phone is a phonetic unit.5. When we study the different p s in “ pit , tip , spit ” , they are similar phones which belong to phonetics.6. But the three p belong to the different phoneme / p /. 7. The three / p / are allophones. 8. peak is aspirated , phonetically transcribed as ph; speak is unaspirated （不送气的）phonetically p=. 9. ph , p= do not belong to the same phoneme / p /. 10. p h and p= are two different phones, and are variants of the phoneme / p /, which is called ALLOPHONES of the same phoneme.key: BACDD CCACA DDABC DDBCB FFTTT FTTFTI. Choose the best choice(语音)1. Which is a voiced bilabial stop?A. m B. v C. p D. b2. Which is a voiceless affricate?A. w B. f C. t D. n3. Which is monophothong?A. i B. au C. ai D. ei4. Which is a voiceless bilabial stop?A. p B. m C. b D. t5. W