考点01 冠词【命题解读】冠词是历年高考的必考点，常出现在语篇型语法填空和短文改错中。但从整套试题来看，在短文改错、书面表达、阅读理解等题型中对冠词的隐性考查可谓无处不在。在日常交际中，几乎每说一句话、每写一篇日记、每读一篇文章都会涉及冠词的运用。故不论高考的考查形式如何变化，冠词仍应是高考复习的重点。【命题预测】预计2019年的高考仍然会以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主，以语篇型语法填空和短文改错的形式出现，它可能把冠词的各种用法结合名词一起进行考查。【复习建议】 复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则：1.单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指；2.复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时，其前不加冠词；3.无论可数名词还是不可数名词，表示特指时，其前都要加定冠词the。考向一不定冠词1.不定冠词有a和an 两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前，an用在以元音音素开头的词前。In a university，a European and a one-eyed man walked along a one-way road with a useful tool. This is a usual thing. 在一所大学里，一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工具沿着一条单行道走着。这是一件平常之事。An hour ago，an honest man accepted an unusual gift and went to finish an honorable task.一小时前，一个诚实的人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物，去完成一项光荣的任务。2.不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前表示泛指，泛指某一人或某一物。The Chinese Dream is a dream to improve peoples well-being and a dream of harmony，peace and development.中国梦是一个改善民生的梦，是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。3.表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。When the Ashleys tried to make her return，Mumbet consulted a lawyer，Theodore Sedgewick.当 Ashleys一家试图让她回来时，Mumbet咨询了一个叫西奥多塞奇威克的律师。4.用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间；用在人名前还可表示与某人有类似性质的人。Excuse me，is there a Mr Tailor living in the neighborhood？There is a parcel for him.Sorry，but there is no such person here.劳驾，这个居民点住着一位名叫Tailor的先生吗？这里有他的包裹。对不起，这儿没有这么一个人。5.不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示再一，又一。She didnt like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one.她不喜欢这两个包的颜色，又要了一个。6.表示单位时间内的频度，含有每的概念。The medicine is to be taken three times a day.这药每天吃三次。7.具有动作意义的名词在与have，take，make等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时，前面要加不定冠词。如：take a look看一看；have a try试一试。You had better go to the factory and have a look.你最好到厂里去看一看。8.不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如：a waste of浪费；all of a sudden突然地；as a rule通常。It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday.我突然想起，我把她的生日给忘了。 1. （2018新课标II卷短文改错）As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me.【答案】the改为a 2.（2017新课标1卷语法填空）As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.【答案】a 【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。3.（2017新课标3卷语法填空）But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting (rest). Instead, she is earning 6500 a day as 62 model in New York.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。model是可数名词，前面没有限定词，而此处泛指 一个，故填a。4. _prize for the winner of the competition is _two-week holiday in Paris.A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a【答案】D5.Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.A. a B. an C. the D.不填【答案】A【解析】考查冠词。本题考查不定冠词在人名前，表示：一个像那样的人。故选择A。句意：Brian在创作音乐上极有才华，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。5.（2016全国新课标卷II语法填空）Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. 【答案】a【解析】介词短语for a while意为一会儿，本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和大脑休息一会儿。【口诀助记】泛指首提为最多，有时表示某“一个”；物质抽象表“一场”，so加形容再跟“a”；可数名词为“一类”，序数词前“又一个”；quite等词常放后，固定短语须琢磨。考向二定冠词1.用在名词前表示特指。Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?Yes，as you know，the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.你昨天玩得开心吗？是的，正如你所知，晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。2.用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。Do you know who invented the telephone?你知道是谁发明了电话吗？3.用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较，表示特指的时候)和最高级前。Do you know which story is the more interesting of the two？你认为这两个故事中哪个更有趣？4.用于集合名词、物质名词和某些专有名词前。Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.(2013陕西)据说在十三世纪马可波罗去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋。5.定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物。Many of the injured are still in danger.许多受伤者仍处于危险中。6.用在表示计量的名词前如by the hour，by the dozen等，但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词如by weight，by height等。Its said John will be in a job paying over $ 60，000 a year.Right，he will also get paid by the week.据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60 000美元的工作。是的，而且会按周获得报酬。7.定冠词the用在表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示全家人或夫妻俩。The Whites settled down in Canada last year.去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。8.用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前。the east 东部play the piano 弹钢琴【口诀助记】特指双方都熟悉，上文已经被提及。世上无二仅独一，序数词和最高级。山河海岛建筑物，姓氏复数奏乐器。少数形表人一类，方位名词须牢记。普构专有惯用词，试用此诀有效率。1. （2017年新课标2卷短文改错）During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. 【答案】 countryside前加the 【解析】句意：去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。2. （2017年新课标3卷短文改错）Around me in picture are the things which were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.【答案】 picture前加the或this 【解析】考查限定词的用法。单数可数名词前应该有限定词，根据句意可知在picture前加the或者this。3.Janes grandmother had wanted to write childrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got in way.A. a;不填B. the; the C. 不填;the D. a;the【答案】D考向三零冠词1.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词。Teachers are badly needed in the remote districts. 偏远地区非常需要教师。2.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。Dr. Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.