DISCOURSEANALYSIS一丁读周亮亮Whatisdiscourse?语篇是指实际使才的语言单位,是一次交际过程中的一系列连缈的话段或句子所构成的语言整体。寸以巫对话,也寸以吏独,包括口语.巳包括书面町语,也Whatisdiscourseanalysis?Discourseanalysis,isagenelaltermforanumberofanoroachestoanalyzingwlitter,spokerysignsdlanguageuseoranysignificantsemioticevent.Inthefieldofappliedlinguistics,thediscourseanalyststudiestexts,theyworkwith“utterances;grammarianstendtoworkwith“sentences.Discourseanalystsfocusonthefollowingquestionswhenanalysingtexts:Whoaretheparticipantsinthediscourse?Whatistheirrelationship?lsitonebetweenequals?Aretheirdifferencesinpowerorknowledgebetweenequals?Whatareiheirgoals?Howdoweknowwhatwriiersandspeakersmean2Whatfactorsenablesustointerpretthetext?Whatdoweneedtoknowaboutthecontext?Whatcluesarethereinthesurroundingtextwhichwillenableustoapprehendthemeaning?Theimportantpositionthatdiscourseanalysisoccupiesinappliedlinguisticshascomeaboutbecauseitenablesappliedlinguiststoanalyseandunderstandreallanguadedaia例1:A:Youthrewitsoyougetiit:B:1willcallmymum例2:SunnySuncaayaftsrnoon,EdinburghBotanicGarden,twogirls,bothaged7or8.Onapath,oneofthemhaskickedtheballtheyareplayingwithintothebushes.SpeakingandWritingDiscourseanalysisistheanalysisoflanguageinitssocialcontext.Spokenlanguagewasseenasformlessandungrammaticalandwrittenlanguageashighlystructuredandoloanizsd.whilerecentresearchontheanalysisofspokeidiscourseshowsthatspokenEnglishdoeshaveaconsistentanddescribablestructureandthatinmanyrespectsthelanguagepatterningisthesameaswrittenEnglish.Notonlyisformalityofthevocabularyusuallydifferentbetweenspokenandwrittendiscoursebuttheamountofcontentthatthewordscarryalsodiffers.Thesignificantcontributionofdiscourseanalysisisthatithasdemonstratedthatbothspakenandwrittendiscoursehaveconsistentanddescribabiestruciures,withdifferentcomplexitiesreflectingthedifferentfunctionsofspeechandwritinginourculture.ApproachtoDiscourseAnalysisSociologyconversationalanalysis/EthnographySociolinguistics一一InteractionalsociolinguisticsVaria!iontheoryPhilosophy一/Speechacttheory入pragmaticsLinguistics一/5【vuL【L】l【】卜ldnChuhal一乙iry门Ihgnb_SchioolsystemicfunctionallinguisticssoCia|semiotic-一/SFL入criicaldiscourseanalysisArtifcialinteligenceThemajorcontributiontothestudyofspokendiscoursehascomefromsociology,inparticularfromconversationalanalysis.Withinlinguistics,theBirminghamSchoolandsystemicfunctionaliinguisticshavebothmadesignificantcontributionstoanunderstandingofspokenandwrittendiscourseinEnglish.Sociology:ConversationAnalysisConversationanalysisisconcernedwiththedetailedorganizationofeverydayinteraction;itcontrastswithmuchoftheworkinmainstreamsociologywhichfocuses0hlarge-scalecategdoriespfclass,gender,agegroupsandsoon.