Unit 4 Pygmalion李仕才一、阅读理解。(2018云南高三年级11校跨区调研考试)Spider(蜘蛛) webs have something in common with guitar strings. The long, thin strings on a guitar can vibrate(振动). They move back and forth, or from side to side. So do webs made by spiders. The lines of silk they produce can carry vibrations. This movement gives the small creature information about what landed on the web.Spiders have eight legs and usually eight eyes. The animals build webs with their own soft, naturallymade silk. And much like playing the strings of a guitar, a spider can send out vibrations across its web over many different frequencies(频率). Spiders catch their food, usually insects in their webs. They make small movements, which spread across their webs. The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the webmaybe a possible mate，or something tasty to eat.Vibrations are not just used to spot what is for dinner. They are also important in courtship(求爱), so lots of males will actually create a very specific kind of musical pattern which the females can use to determine not only that theyre a male, but theyre the right species, and whether they might want to mate with them as well.Spiders make their own vibrations to find out the condition of the webs. By controlling the tightness of the material, they can effectively control how information is getting to them when they hang out in the middle of the web.Spiders have a special ability to shape the physical nature of their selfmade materials and creations. Scientists think that spider silk may have changed over time for this purpose.【解题导语】本文介绍了蜘蛛吐出的蛛丝可以传播不同频率的振动，这些振动让它们知道蜘蛛网上落下了什么东西并且这些振动在求爱中也非常重要。1How does a spider feel that an insect is caught in the web?AThrough its sense of sight.BThrough vibrations of its web.CThrough different frequencies.DThrough a musical pattern.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web”可知，蜘蛛可以通过蛛网的振动知道有东西落到蛛网上了。故选B项。2What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?AInsects. BStrings.CSpiders. DVibrations.A解析：代词指代题。根据第二段的“Spiders catch their food. across their webs.”可知，蜘蛛在它们的蛛网上捕食，一般捕到的都是昆虫。它们制造出传遍整张蛛网的小振动。所以They指代的是昆虫。3Which of the following statements is TRUE?ASilk produces vibrations as the strings of a guitar do.BFemale spiders make special sounds to attract a partner.CHunting will be hard for spiders if the silk is loose.DThe tightness of silk cant be adjusted once its made.C解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“By controlling the tightness of the material, they can effectively control how information is getting to them”可知，蛛网的紧密度对蜘蛛捕猎至关重要，故选C项。4The text mainly tells readers _ Aguitars and spider webs are similarBspider webs have various functionsCspiders are skillful in hunting insectsDvibrations are vital in a spiders lifeD解析：主旨大意题。根据整篇文章的叙述，尤其是第二段中的最后一句可知，D项正确。二、单句语法填空1The mistakes in your homework shouldnt _ (overlook), or youll keep them forever.答案：be overlooked2Generally _ (speak), tourists should first visit cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Xian.答案：speaking3He has some acquaintance _ German, but he doesnt speak it fluently.答案：with4If you think you can drink so much without damaging your health, then youre _ (mistake)答案：mistaken5He was robbed last night, but _ (fortune) he didnt have much on him then.答案：fortunately6We are at your service. Dont hesitate _ (turn) to us if you are in trouble.答案：to turn7Clearly and thoughtfully _ (write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.答案：written8I have no idea whether the book is of great _ (valuable) to your English study.答案：value9Its bad manners _ (remark) on their shortcomings in the absence of other people.答案：to remark10Tom arrived at school late again, which made him feel awkward and _ (comfort)答案：uncomfortable三、完形填空。【说明文】(2018山西八校第一次联考)One day，while we were visiting my parents on a farm in late summer，Dad mentioned hed always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard.Mom agreed that the trees were _1_.Like many other parents，mine were hard to _2_ for，so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something theyd _3_.I also thought two would be even better.I checked the _4_ at work and decided it was a bit more than I could _5_but all of my siblings(兄弟姊妹)agreed to give some money to buy the trees.In northern Ohio，you dont plant maple trees at Christmas，so we decided to _6_ Mom and Dad with a special Christmas in October before the ground _7_.We asked my aunt if shed help us with the “_8_”，and she called my parents _9_ to say she was coming for a Sunday visit.Then my sisters and sistersinlaw went into _10_，planning a big holiday turkey dinner.On t