Grammar and usage(2),Present perfect continuous tense,I have been colecting shells for five years. .,I started to collect shells five years ago.,He began to collect coins two years ago.,He has been collecting coins for two years.,She started to collect stamps last year.,She has been collecting stamps for a year.,现在完成进行时 含义：动作自过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，并且还将持续下去；动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时刻，可能刚刚结束。,进行时 I am reading the book. 完成时 I have read the book. 现在完成进行时 I have been reading the book.,现在正在读,已经读过,过去到截至说话为止，一直在读,1. 结构(“三合一”结构)： 1)肯定句: have/has been+V-ing （从过去到现在）一直在做某事 我在这坐了一个下午了。 他弟弟十岁起就一直收集各种各样的邮票。,I have been sitting here for the afternoon.,His brother has been collecting stamps since he was 10.,2)否定句:have/has not been+V-ing 没有一直在做某事 我一个星期没有给花浇水了。 这些年，他都没有一直在这教书。,I havent been watering the flowers for a week.,He hasnt been teaching here these years.,3)疑问句： Have/Has+主语+been+V-ing ? 你一直在写一本小说吗？ 他一直给你写信吗？,Have you been writing a novel?,Has he been writing letters to you?,we have classes for 7 days,We have been having classes for 7 days.,练习：看图，根据提示词，表达句子。,Picture 1,he cry three hours,He has been crying for three hours.,Picture 2,The woman take a rest all day,The boy hasnt been taking a rest all day.,Picture 3,it rain these few days,It has been raining these few days.,Picture 4,Im tired because Ive been running. 我很累因为我一直跑到现在。 （强调动作一直进行并持续到现在） 对比：Im tired because Ive run. 我累了因为我跑了。（强调动作已完成）,2. 用法： 1) 现在完成进行时可以表示一个从过去某时开始一直在进行并持续到现在的动作。这个动作刚刚结束，对现在有影响。,I have been reading for 2 hours. I am still reading now.,2.）现在完成进行时可以表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作。这个动作现在仍在继续中。,4） 表示从过去到现在反复发生的动作 You have been saying that for five years. (这话你已经说了有五年了。）,3）和进行时一样，现在完成进行时也往往带有感情色彩（如赞扬、厌恶等）。 What have you been doing all the time? (这半天你在干什么？）,3. 时间状语 1）现在完成进行时通常 和“for”或“since”所引导的时间状语连用。 I have been waiting for a letter from my parents for two days. 雨已经下了三个小时 We have been studying here since 2004.,我这两天来一直在等我父母的回信,It has been raining for three hours.,我们自从2004年开始一直在这里读书。,2）现在完成进行时还可以于these few days, this week, all the time， all night, all the morning, all ones life, during the night, recently等连用： Ive been writing letters all this morning. (我写了一上午的信。） I have been doing this all my life. (这个我做了一辈子啦。） Recently he has been doing his work quite regularly. (近来他都按时做作业。）,小试牛刀,1. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing 2. I have got a headache. No wonder. You_ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked,D,C,has been preparing,have been working,3. Hi, Tracy，you look pale. I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 4. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school，but she hasnt decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider,C,B,have been painting,has been considering,1. Judy: How long _(be) in Canada? Claude: I _(study) here for more than three years. 2. I_ (have) the same car for more than ten years. Im thinking about buying a new one. 3. I _(love) chocolate since I was a child. You might even call me a “chocoholic.“,have you been,have been studying,have had,have loved,4. John _(work) for the government since he graduated from Harvard University. Until recently, he _(enjoy) his work, but now he is talking about retiring. 5. Lately, I _(think) about changing my career because I _(become) dissatisfied with the conditions at my company. 6. I _(see) Judy for more than five years and during that time I_ (see) many changes in her personality.,has been working,has enjoyed,have been thinking,have become,have been seeing,have seen,时态对比,1.现在完成进行时和现在进行时比较：,2.现在完成进行时和现在完成时比较：,1. 未完结性 现在完成时强调动作的最后的结果，表示动作已经结束、完成； 现在完成进行时强调动作本身，表示动作还没有结束、完成 (有延续性）。 I have read this novel. (已读完） I have been reading this novel. (还在读） They have widened the road. (路加宽了) They have been widening the road. (路还在加宽),现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别,2. 刚完结性的结果 现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果（影响）， 但现在完成进行时所表示的结果 是刚刚完成的动作的结果 consequence ；（是临时的/直接的) 而现在完成时所表示的则是最后的结果/长久的影响(result)。 （动作可能刚结束，也可能早已结束）,We have been cleaning the classroom. （a） We have cleaned the classroom（b） （a）“我们打扫教室来着。”表示教室刚刚打扫过，其目前直接的结果可能是：我们身上都是灰; 或是我们很累。 （ b）“我们把教室打扫过了。” 教室可能是昨天打扫的，其结果是：现在教室很清洁，可以用了。 Your eyes are red and puffy. Have you been crying? 你的眼睛又红又肿，你是不是哭来着？ （“哭”的动作刚刚结束，它是眼睛又红又肿的原因。）,Be careful! John has been painting the door.（a） John has painted the door（b） （a）句表示约翰刚刚把门油漆过，现在油漆还未干，所以你要小心。 （b） 句油漆可能已干了。 门看来很新.,3. 感情色彩 现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩， 而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩可言。如： Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly.（a） Recently Mary has done her work regularly（b） （a）句显然是在表扬玛丽。 （