Module 3,Interpersonal Relationships - Friendship,Grammar,Grammar (more),Study: Be careful when crossing the road. Dont talk while eating. Conclusion:,-ing短语前可加when, while强调动作同时发生; Before? After?,他出国前在北京大学读书。,Before going abroad, he studied in Peking University.,Think: The bus was held up by the snowstorm, and as a result it caused the delay. = The bus was held up by the snowstorm, _ _ the delay.,thus causing,conclusion: -ing形式前可加thus，用以强调结果。,Think: Though he worked hard, he couldnt make enough money to pay off his debt. = _ _ hard, he couldnt conclusion:,Though working,-ing形式前可加 though/although表示让步。,Study: 1)When _ help, one often says “Thank you.”or “Its kind of you.” A. offering B. to offer C.offered D. having been offered 2) _ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated 3) After _ into English, J.K.Rowlings books became popular in China. A. translated B. translating C. having been translated D. to translate,Before _ (become) a billionaire, J.K.Rowling is a poor mother with a baby to bring up.,I remember _(meet) her for the first time. You must remember _ (keep) in touch. I regret _(do) that now. I regret _(say) that I have lost touch with four or five friends.,meeting,to keep,doing,to say,Activity 1 &2 (Page 34),Revision,动词-ing与to do 区别,动词-ing与to do都具备名词的功能，在句子中作主语，宾语，表语等，但也有区别。区别如下： 一、 doing 表示性质，状态，习惯或经常性；to do形式表示具体的，一次性的，将发生的动作。如： 1) _ (swim) is my favorite sports. 2) Our work is _ (serve) the people. 3). What I would suggest is _(put off)the meeting.,Swimming,serving,to put off,二、动词-ing与to do做宾语时的若干区别： 1. 有的动词后只能跟不定式做宾语，如：agree, ask, aim, arrange, choose decide, fail, hope, learn, long, manage, plan, prepare, pretend, refuse等。 有的动词后只能接动词-ing做宾语,如: admit, consider, enjoy, finish, keep, imagine, mind, practice, suggest, give up, put off, allow 等。,2. 在下列动词后，两者都可以接，但意义有所不同。 1）need, require, want后接动词-ing 形式表示被动意义，也可接不定式，但要用被动形式。 Your handwriting needs/requires improving/to be improved. 2) hate, love, like接不定式表示特定的，具体的，一次性的，将发生的动作。接动词-ing 表示习惯，经常性的，一般的行为。 I like _ (读书)，but I hate _ (写文章)。 I like _ (逛商店)now。,reading,writing,to go shopping,3）在下列情况下，一般用不定式。 A. hate, love, like前有would, should时。 I would like to have a cup of coffee.,4), forget / remember / regret to do 表示现在，未来或未做的动作；forget / remember / regret doing 表示动作已经发生。 A. He forgot to turn off the light in the office. So the light was on the whole night. B. He forgot turning off the light in the office. So he went back to turn it off, only to find that the light was not on.,5）mean to do/doing mean to do 打算，想要做 mean doing 意味着 6）try to do 设法尽力做某事 try doing 试着做 7）cant help doing 禁不住 cant help (to) do 不能帮助干 They couldnt help jumping up at the news. Sorry I cant help to clean the room for you. I must go now.,8) go on to do 继续作不同的事或不同内容的事。 go on doing 指同一动作的继续 After he finished doing math exercises, he went on to write a composition. Well go on fighting so long as there is oppression(压迫) in the world.,Quiz for Part 1,_(teach) biology is his full-time job. _(cut) down such a big tree in such hot weather in a day is beyond my ability. What I want to do now is _(find) a place to rest. I suggest _(pay) another visit to the exhibition. Id like_(know) what they are up to at present. His habit is _ (take) a walk after supper.,Teaching,To cut,to find,paying,to know,to take/taking,Part 2,I forgot _(turn) off the light when I went to bed last night. I forgot _(see) the film before, so I went to see it a second time.,to turn,seeing,-You have stepped on my foot. -Im sorry, but I didnt mean _so. A. having done B. to have done C. to do D. doing I regret _(not study) hard at school. Now I was bad at English in college. Unemployment is likely to go on _ (rise) this year.,not having studied,rising,