-句子成分和简单句的基本句型一、句子成分主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。We study English. He is asleep. 宾语：1）动作的承受者-动宾I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句、 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Miss Yang is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now.（过去分词） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式、让步和伴随。 （以下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容词）We found nobody in. ( 副词 )Please make yourself at home. 介词短语） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Dont keep the lights burning. （现在分词） Ill have my bike repaired. （过去分词） 主补：对主语的补充。He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You dont look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）he is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)my watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say Im poor, I cant buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的连系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） .等等) It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.二、Exercises： 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city.7. I love you more than her child. 8. Trees turn green when spring comes.9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12. All the students think highly of his teaching.13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. Dont get nervous; help yourself to what you like. 16. We will make our school more beautiful.17. He didnt come. That is why he didnt know.18. She showed us her many of her pictures.19. The old man lives a lonely life.20. Ill get my hair cut tomorrow.21. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.22. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany23. There are so many people in the hall that its hard for me to find him.24. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfill it this month.25. Go back where you came from. 26. We must do whatever the people want us to do.27. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 28. Would you please pass me the cup? 29. Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 30. Do you know the latest news about him?三、简单句的基本句型1. 主语 谓语本结构是由“主语+不及物动词（词组）”构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如，She came. / My head aches. / The sun rises.该句型的主语可有修饰语-定语，如，The red sun rises.谓语可有修饰语-状语，如，The red sun rises in the east.2. 主语 谓语 宾语 此结构是由“主语+及物动词