60年代末70年代艺术音乐, 脸大网,Art Rock,Basically, any band or artist who reaches out to Classical music, or to other forms of modern art (visual, theatrical, etc) or both to make an artistic statement,The Who,Physicality, stage behavior important characteristic of band Windmill strumming of Townshend; leaps and splits Daltry strutting, mic twirling Townshend calls “pop art” Openly hostile on stage - early punk aesthetic “Anti-anti Beatles”,Tommy,Concept album with operatic conventions in mind: tells story without spoken dialogue Minimal plot Doesnt incorporate symphonic sounds, additional instruments: performable (and performed) live,Pinball Wizard,Beatles-like form: verse and refrain with contrasting middle eight,The Doors,Literary orientation Lead singer Jim Morrison a beat poet Free association Themes of exploration of altered states - sex, drugs, death,The Doors - Style characteristics,Blues-based mainstream rock Narrow range, highly repetitive melodies Most songs in minor keys Long, extended solos,esp. for keyboard Poetic lyrics, dealing with dark subjects,Light My Fire,Five bar intro establishes organ riff/melodic hook Verse (8 bars long) Refrain (7 bars long) Long instrumental solos Based on version of organ riff Repeats ideas, adds and extends Passes idea to guitar - same type of repetitive development,Types of Art Rock,Music created for rock group and classical ensemble Ex. Eleanor Rigby Beatles + string quintet Ex. Moody Blues Nights in White Satin rock band + symphony orchestra Other groups of this type Procul Harum Electric Light Orchestra Deep Purple (sometimes),Art Rock - types,Fusion of rock + classical music Inspired by experiments of Sgt. Peppers and Pet Sounds Exploration of musical avant-garde,Avant-garde classical music,Avant-garde intelligentsia that develops new or experimental concepts Musical avant-garde in the 20th c. exploring questions like “What is music”? Are all sounds valid as musical sounds? How can you incorporate non-Western musical ideas into Western music?,John Cage (1908-1990),In early career, writing revolutionary, but easily understood, music Later works more philosophical, testing boundaries of music Chance music: notes determined at random 433”: musicians do nothing for duration of piece,Edgar Varse (1883-1965),Interested in using “non-musical” sounds in music In late 30 begins composing music using electronics Idea: all sounds available for musical use Record, manipulate sounds from natural environment Called musique concrete,Minimalism,Pieces created out of minimum of musical material Single idea repeated incessantly, slowly changes over time Ex. Solos in “Light My Fire” Ex. Steve Reich, “Check It Out” from Street Life,Steve Reich - “Check It Out”,Combines musique concrete and minimalism Short intro: chords Three note motive (like riff, but less rhythmically interesting) introduced; basis for rest of movement Shortly after, recorded sound introduced sample “Check It out” Number of repetitions, permutations of 3-note motive More sampled, electronically manipulated sounds,Velvet Underground,Associated with NY art scene - Andy Warhol acts as mentor Primary rock influence Bob Dylan, but fused with lofty poetry, minimalism Ex. Heroin,Frank Zappa (1940-1993) and the Mothers of Invention,Zappa studied classical music in college influenced by avant-garde composers like Varse Gained notoriety with Freak-Outs multi-media happenings with slides, music, dancers,etc. Recording of one of these, Freak Out (1965) arguably first concept album Best known as rock satirist,Zappa, Whats The Ugliest Part of Your Body?,From album Were Only In It For The Money (1967) Juxtaposition of textures, tone colors Stylistic contrast Section A: Doo-wop influenced, musical irony (words and music dont match) Section B: avant-garde classical Section C: ? Psychedelic pop? Rhythmic contrast as well,Pink Floyd,Created in 1965 as blues band Became more classically, psychedelically oriented when Gilmour replaces Barrett in 1968 Evident in Song cycles: Dark Side of the Moon, Wish You Were Here The Wall operatic Use of musique concrete on albums Complex time signatures, layering of sound, sound mass, complex forms,Pink Floyd - Money,Cash register sounds at beginning musique concrete Seven beats per measure: 3+2+2 = additive meter,Progressive Rock,Adopts not only techniques, but also forms and stature of Classical music Examples Genesis (early) Emerson, Lake, and Palmer King Crimson Yes,Yes,Classically trained musicians, interested in creating rock structured like Classical music Most songs long, multi-sectional, approximate Classical genres like sonata, suite, concerto,Yes Roundabout,Introduction Crescendo (building) of sound Dissolves into guitar playing harmonics Creates “ringing” sound Classically influenced melody A Verse 10 bars long; extra 2 beat bar at beginning and ending create unbalanced feeling A Verse (repeated) B section Another A B exchange A theme and vocal line + repeat