专项十 定语从句,一、定语从句中which的考查 which既可引导限制性定语从句也可引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，高考中的考查重点是which在非限制性定语从句中的应用。which引导非限制性定语从句时，常代指整个主句。,Part,规律印证 考 点 落 实 ， 步 步 为 “ 赢 ”,边 做 边 悟,(2013天津卷)报纸新闻报道说，我们又发射了一颗人造卫星。 We have launched another manmade satellite, _ in todays newspaper. (2013安徽卷) 莫言获得了2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使得中国人民很久以来的一个梦想得以实现。 Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _ one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true. 答案 which is announced which made,二、定语从句中where的考查 where引导定语从句时，在从句中作状语，主要有以下两种情况： (1)表示具体的地点 史蒂芬霍金认为，地球可能不是唯一有生命进化的行星。 Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. (2013新课标全国卷)当我到达时，布莱恩带我去看了我即将居住的房子。 When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _.,(2)表示模糊的地点和抽象意义的地点(常见的先行词有race, job, activity, case, situation, point, position, stage, degree等) (2013江西卷) 他写了一封信，在信中他解释了在那起事故中发生了什么。 He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 They have reached the point _ they have to separate with each other. 答案 where where I would be staying where where,三、定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择 关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语；关系副词在定语从句中作状语。 注意：先行词是地点名词时，关系词不一定用where；先行词是时间名词时，关系词不一定用when；先行词是reason时，关系词不一定用why。试比较：,This is the factory where I worked last year. This is the factory (that/which) I visited last year. I will never forget the day when I worked with them. I will never forget the day (that/which) I spent with them. This is the reason why he was absent from school. This is the reason (that/which) he explained for his absence from school. 以上例句中visit，spend和explain为及物动词，从句中缺少宾语，故应用that/which引导。,(2013四川卷) 现在人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live. 答案 where 句意：分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为environment，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。 那天晚上，我工作到很晚，我以后会告诉你更多相关的情况。 That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. 答案 which,四、定语从句中as与which的选择 (1)as引导的非限制性定语从句放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中间皆可，表示众所周知或意料之中的事；而which引导的非限制性定语从句则只能放在主句之后。 (2)当非限制性定语从句的谓语为be announced, be expected, be known, be reported, be said, be shown等被动式谓语时，常用as引导。 (3)as表示整个主句内容时，有时含有“正如；正像”等意思，而 which 无此意。,(4)在下列固定结构中，关系代词as代表整个主句所述的内容，一般不用which。例如： as we know 众所周知 as has been said before 如前所述 as is often the case 情况常常如此 试比较： Li Ming was late for school again, which made Mr.Zhang very angry. You know, as we expected, Li Ming was late for school again. As is known to all, China is in the east of Asia.,(2013山东卷)There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science. 答案 as 分析句子结构可知，该题为非限制性定语从句，所填词在从句中作主语。 Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _ , of course, made all the others upset. 答案 which which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句部分的内容。,五、定语从句中who, whom与whose的选择 who在引导的定语从句中作主语，whom作宾语，whose作定语，其中who也可以代替whom作宾语，但who不能位于介词后；who与whom只能指人，whose既可指人又可指物。 试比较： He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. Do you know the man who(m) Mr.Black talked with just now? Do you know the man with whom Mr.Black talked just now? We live in the room, whose window faces the south.,(2013湖南卷)Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths. 答案 who 句意：幸福和成功往往降临到那些善于意识到自己优点的人的身上。先行词是those，关系词在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who引导定语从句。 (天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _ help I would never have got this far. 答案 whose 句意：我想感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我不会取得这样的成绩。从句中的help是名词，与Professor Smith是所属关系，故用whose。,(浙江高考)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _ , for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. 答案 who 分析句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句，定语从句的先行词是a painter，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应该用关系代词who。,六、“介词定语从句”中介词的选择及其后关系词的选择 1介词后的关系代词主要有which和whom。 2在“介词定语从句”中，介词的选择常常依据下面三点 (1)根据语境选介词 (2)根据谓语部分的搭配选介词 (3)根据先行词选介词 In the dark street，there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. 在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。(to与从句谓语动词构成搭配turn to“求助于”),Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price _ was very reasonable. 最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。 (江西高考) 她带着游客参观这座博物馆花了三年多才建成的建筑。 She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _ had taken more than three years. 答案 to whom of which of which,1关系代词的误用及漏用 (1)【误】 Ive read all the books which you lent me. 【正】 Ive read all the books that you lent me. 解析 定语从句的先行词被 all，some，any，no ，few 等修饰时，关系代词用 that 。 (2)【误】 The student is standing there is our monitor. 【正】 The student (who/that is)standing there is our monitor. 解析 定语从句中关系代词作主语时不能省略；此处也可理解为现在分词作后置定语。,考 点 警 示,(3)【误】 Dinner starts with a small dish，that is often called a starter. 【正】 Dinner starts with a small dish，which is often called a starter. 解析 用 which 引导非限制性定语从句，而不用 that 引导。 (4)【误】 He lives in the room，the window of that faces the south. 【正】 He lives in the room，the window of which faces the south. 解析 “介词 关系代词”中的关系代词用 which 不用 that 。,(5)【误】 The man with who I worked has left. 【正】 The man with whom I worked has left. 解析 “介词whom”引导定语从句。介词后不接 who。,2定语从句主谓不一致 【误】 This is one of