中华人民共和国民法通则 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE CIVIL LAW OF THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA 中华人民共和国民法通则已由中华人民共和国第六届全国人民代表大会第四次会议于一九八六年四月十二日通过，现予公布，自一九八七年一月一日起施行。 (Adopted at the Fourth Session of the Sixth National Peoples Congress, promulgated by on April 12, 1986, and effective as of January 1, 1987) 目 录 Contents 第一章 基本原则 Chapter I Basic Principles 第二章 公民（自然人） Chapter II Citizen (Natural Person) 第一节 民事权利能力和民事行为能力 Section 1 Capacity for Civil Rights and Capacity for Civil Conduct 第二节 监护 Section 2 Guardianship 第三节 宣告失踪和宣告死亡 Section 3 Declarations of Missing Persons and Death 第四节 个体工商户、农村承包经营户 Section 4 Individual Businesses and Leaseholding Farm Households 第五节 个人合伙 Section 5 Individual Partnership 第三章 法人 Chapter III Legal Persons 第一节 一般规定 Section 1 General Stipulations 第二节 企业法人 Section 2 Enterprise as Legal Person 第三节 机关、事业单位和社会团体法人 Section 3 Official Organ, Institution and Social Organization as Legal Persons 第四节 联营 Section 4 Economic Association 第四章 民事法律行为和代理 Chapter IV Civil Juristic Acts and Agency 第一节 民事法律行为 Section 1 Civil Juristic Acts 第二节 代理 Section 2 Agency 第五章 民事权利 Chapter V Civil Rights 第一节 财产所有权和与财产所有权有关的财产权 Section 1 Property Ownership and Related Property Rights 第二节 债权 Section 2 Creditors Rights 第三节 知识产权 Section 3 Intellectual Property Rights 第四节 人身权 Section 4 Personal Rights 第六章 民事责任 Chapter VI Civil Liability 第一节 一般规定 Section 1 General Stipulations 第二节 违反合同的民事责任 Section 2 Civil Liability for Breach of Contract 第三节 侵权的民事责任 Section 3 Civil Liability for Infringement of Rights 第四节 承担民事责任的方式 Section 4 Methods of Bearing Civil Liability 第七章 诉讼时效 Chapter VII Limitation of Action 第八章 涉外民事关系的法律适用 Chapter VIII Application of Law in Civil Relations with Foreigners 第九章 附则 Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions 第一章 基本原则 Chapter I Basic Principles 第一条 为了保障公民、法人的合法的民事权益，正确调整民事关系，适应社会主义现代化建设事业发展的需要，根据宪法和我国实际情况，总结民事活动的实践经验，制定本法。 Article 1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution and the actual situation in our country, drawing upon our practical experience in civil activities, for the purpose of protecting the lawful civil rights and interests of citizens and legal persons and correctly adjusting civil relations, so as to meet the needs of the developing socialist modernization. 第二条 中华人民共和国民法调整平等主体的公民之间、法人之间、公民和法人之间的财产关系和人身关系。 Article 2 The Civil Law of the Peoples Republic of China shall adjust property relationships and personal relationships between civil subjects with equal status, that is, between citizens, between legal persons and between citizens and legal persons. 第三条 当事人在民事活动中的地位平等。 Article 3 Parties to a civil activity shall have equal status. 第四条 民事活动应当遵循自愿、公平、等价有偿、诚实信用的原则。 Article 4 In civil activities, the principles of voluntariness, fairness, making compensation for equal value, honesty and credibility shall be observed. 第五条 公民、法人的合法的民事权益受法律保护，任何组织和个人不得侵犯。 Article 5 The lawful civil rights and interests of citizens and legal persons shall be protected by law; no organization or individual may infringe upon them. 第六条 民事活动必须遵守法律，法律没有规定的，应当遵守国家政策。Article 6 Civil activities must be in compliance with the law; where there are no relevant provisions in the law, they shall be in compliance with state policies. 第七条 民事活动应当尊重社会公德，不得损害社会公共利益，破坏国家经济计划，扰乱社会经济秩序。 Article 7 Civil activities shall have respect for social ethics and shall not harm the public interest, undermine state economic plans or disrupt social economic order. 第八条 在中华人民共和国领域内的民事活动，适用中华人民共和国法律，法律另有规定的除外。 Article 8 The law of the Peoples Republic of China shall apply to civil activities within the Peoples Republic of China, except as otherwise stipulated by law. 本法关于公民的规定，适用于在中华人民共和国领域内的外国人、无国籍人，法律另有规定的除外。 The stipulations of this Law as regards citizens shall apply to foreigners and stateless persons within the Peoples Republic of China, except as otherwise stipulated by law. 第二章 公民（自然人） Chapter II Citizen (Natural Person) 第一节 民事权利能力和民事行为能力 Section 1 Capacity for Civil Rights and Capacity for Civil Conduct. 第九条 公民从出生时起到死亡时止，具有民事权利能力，依法享有民事权利，承担民事义务。 Article 9 A citizen shall have the capacity for civil rights from birth to death and shall enjoy civil rights and assume civil obligations in accordance with the law. 第十条 公民的民事权利能力一律平等。 Article 10 All citizens are equal as regards their capacity for civil rights. 第十一条 十八周岁以上的公民是成年人，具有完全民事行为能力，可以独立进行民事活动，是完全民事行为能力人。 Article 11 A citizen aged 18 or over shall be an adult. He shall have full capacity for civil conduct, may independently en