动词的时态 英语的时态是由“时段（动作发生的时间）+形式（动作发生的方式） ”构成的。时间可分为 4 个时段：现在、过去、将来和过去将来。动作发生的方式分为 4种：一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。本节课我们主要讲一般现在时和现在进行时。1、一般现在时（1）一般现在时的定义：表示现在经常反复发生的动作存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。（2）一般现在时的构成一般现在时用行为动词的原型但第三人称单数做主语时，动词的词尾要加-s。现以连系动词 be 和行为动词 read 为例，对一般现在时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及其简略答语的构成以及表格形式加以说明：动词 肯定句 否定句I am. I am not .You/We/They are. You/We/They are not.Be He/She/It is. He/She/It is not.I/We/You/They read. I/We/You/They do not read .readHe/She/It reads. He/She/It does not read.动词 疑问句 简略答语（肯定） 简略答语（否定）Am I.? Yes, you are No, you are not.Are you.? Yes, I am/we are No, I am/we are not.Are we.? Yes, we/you are No, we/you are not.Are they.? Yes, they are No, they are not.Is he.? Yes, he is No, he is not.Is she.? Yes, she is No, she is not.beIs it.? Yes, it is No, it is not.Do/I/we/you/they read.?Yes, you/we/you/we/they do. No, you/we/you/you/they do not.readDoes he/she /it read.? Yes,he/she/it does. No,he/she/it does not 连系动词 be 的各种形式常与代词或 not 缩写成一个词。助动词 do.does 一般只与 not 缩写。连系动词 be 缩写表：肯定 缩写 否定 缩写I am Im I am not Im notYou are Youre You are not Youre not 或 you arentHe is Hes He is not Hes not 或 he isntShe is Shes She is not Shes not 或 she isntIt is Its It is not Its not 或 it isntWe are We;re We are not Were not 或 we arentThey are Theyre They are not Theyre not 或 they arent助动词 do not 的缩写形式为 dont,does not 的缩写行为 doesnt.(3）动词加 -s 或-es. 当主语是第三人称单数时。谓语动词需加-s 或-es,见下表：规则 动词原形 第三人称单数形式一般在词尾加-s playworkleaveswimplaysworksLeavesswims以字母 s,x,ch,sh,o 结尾的词加-espassfixteachwishdopassesfixesteacheswishesdoes以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词，先变 y 为 i 再加 esstudycarryflycrystudiescarriesfliescries注意：动词 have 的第三人称单数形式为 has.写出下列词的三单形式1.watch_ 2.say_ 3.wash_ 4.meet_ （4）一般现在时的用法：1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作。常与 often,always,sometimes,every day,on Sundays 等表示频度的时间状语连用。例如：I get up at six oclock every day.He often goes to school by bike.2.表示主语具备的性格、能力和特征。例如：She looks like her sister.He knows not only English ,but also Japanese.3 表示现在的状态。例如：He is always ready to help others.He lives in the shopping center.4 表示客观事实和普遍真理。例如：The moon moves around the earth and the earth moves around the sun.5 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow ,we will go to the park.Please tell her about it as soon as she comes back.6 表示预先计划或安排好的将来行为。例如：Is there a film tonight?We leave Beijing next month.7 小说故事中用一般现在时代替一般过去时。8 有些表示状态和感觉的动词，例如：be,love,like,hate,want,hope,need,know,understand,remember,feel,think,fit,look,see,hear,find,suggest,have 等表示现在发生的具体行为时，只有一般现在时。例如：Do you know what I mean? 你知道我的意思吗？I feel pain in my chest. 我胸疼。How do you find the book ? 你觉得那本书怎么样？9. 表示现在发生的具体动作或存在的状态。例如： Here comes the bus. 车来了 。Whats the time now ? 现在几点了？一改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1. Is your brother speak English?_2. Does he likes going fishing?_3. He likes play games after class._4. Mr. Wu teachs us English._5. She dont do her homework on Sundays._二改写句子。1. Sun Yang usually washes some clothes on Saturday.否定句: _一般疑问句: _划线提问: _2. Mingming usually waters the flowers every day.否定句: _一般疑问句: _划线提问 _3. Tom does his homework at home.否定句: _ 一般疑问句: _划线提问_2、现在进行时（1）现在进行时的定义现在进行时时表示现在正在进行的动作的时态。（2）现在进行时的构成现在进行时由系动词 am/is/are+现在分词（动词 +ing 形式） 构成。现在以 work 为例，对现在进行时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及简略答句列表说明如下：肯定句 否定句I am working . I am not workingYou are working . You are not working .He/She/It is working . He/She/It is not working .We/You/They are working . We/You/They are not working .疑问句 简略答语Yes , you are .Am I working ?No , you are not .Yes , we/you are .Are you working ?No , we/you are not .Yes , I am .No , I am not .Yes , we are .Are you working ?No , we are not .Yes , he/she/it is .Is he/she/it working ?No , he/she/it is not .Yes , they are . Are you working ?No , they are not .1Im playing the football in the playground .(改为否定句)_2Tom is reading books in his study . (改为一般疑问句)_3. My mother is cooking some nice food now. ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_ _ _（3）动词-ing 形式的构成1、一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。stay _ stayingdo _ doing listen _ listening2、以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，先去掉 e，再加-ing。make _ making Please_pleasinggive _ giving ride _ riding 3、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing