高考语法复习,非谓语动词,主,谓,宾,定,状,补,2,The famous doctor,give birth to a baby,helped,the pregnant woman,last Friday.,to,3,英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构 如果出现更多动词： 加连词（and / but / so） 放入从句 变为非谓语动词,She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. When she got off the bus, she left her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but she left her handbag on her seat.,谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 1. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing, disappeared B. seized, disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing,两个动作之间用 and 连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，故B、D皆错；不用 and 连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故C错。,seized 和 took 是并列谓语，disappearing 是伴随状语。此题的关键是and 的位置，如果 and 在 disappear 前，则三个动词并列。,A,D,非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。,非谓语,不定式（to do),doing (动名词、现在分词),done (过去分词),非谓语动词有哪些？,非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？,1、作主语或表语时,在表示比较抽象的一般行为时多用doing； 在表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用to do。,Smoking is not allowed here. (表习惯、爱好、或抽象的动作、经常做的事情。) 2. To smoke so much is not good for you. (表具体的、一次性动作、要做的事情。) 3. Their job is building houses. (抽象、经常的动作) 4.Their work is to build another bridge across the river. (具体、要做的动作),1. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _. A. hed like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure 2. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having,在 and 连接的并列句中，两个主语最好要保持一致的形式。动名词 fishing 和 collecting coins 分别作两个简单句的主语。这句话的意思为“钓鱼是他的爱好，集邮也给他带来极大的乐趣。”,D,D,非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题： 1.并行结构问题， Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe. 2.需要注意一些结构： A) 在 Its no use (good; value; importance) 等结构中只用动名 词作主语。如：Its no use quarrelling with such a fellow . 注意比较：Theres no need to tell him about it. B) 在 Its + adj. +to do。注意两种句型： Its easy (difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough) 后加 for sb. to do Its kind (nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate (考虑周到的), silly, selfish (自私的) )后加 of sb. to do,3. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make,B,在（purpose, wish, promise, plan）后常跟不定式 非谓语动词作表语时要特别注意两个问题， 1.并行结构问题，2.时间问题。 to do作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。 doing作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。,注：1动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别： 动名词作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。 现在分词作表语时相当于形容词，说明主语的特征、性质、状态等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用very, quite等副词来修饰，如： My job is looking after the children. Our duty is serving the people heart and soul. The situation is encouraging. This cake is very inviting. The volleyball match we watched was very exciting.,注：2过去分词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别：,What he said sounds_ (convince). He was _(interest) in what he learned in Canada and he thought everything in Canada was _(interest),convincing,interested,interesting,使信服,类似情况还有：surprising surprised, exciting excited, tiring tired , disappointing disappointed, encouraging encouraged ， amazed amazing , bored boring , pleasing pleased, astonishing astonished. -ed 分词 Sb. + Link.v + -ed分词 -ing分词 Sth. + Link.v + -ing分词,人的感觉,事物本身的特点,2、作宾语时,不定式和动名词都可作宾语, 有何区别？,2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语,3.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别,1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,1. 有些动词后只跟to do作宾语，如： manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(帮助)，want(想要) ,refuse等。,2. 有些动词后只跟doing作宾语，如： avoid, admit, consider, miss, delay/postpone, suggest / advise, finish, practise, enjoy/appreciate, imagine, resist/cant help, deny, envy, escape , risk, stand, mind, keep / keep on preferto, look forward to, be used to, devote to, lead to, get down to, give up, keep on, succeed in, feel like, be busy, be worth, have difficulty/trouble/problem (in),注：在动词advise, allow, forbid(禁止)，permit（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。 We dont allow fishing here. We dont allow people to fish here.,1) I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop 2) He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost,C,B,有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别： I forgot to close the door before I left the room. I forgot having closed the door. He tried to write better. (尽量努力地写) He tried writing with a brush. (用毛笔试着写) I couldnt help finishing it. (不能不结束某事) I couldnt help to finish it. (不能帮助结束某事) They stopped fishing. (停止钓鱼) They stopped to fish. (离开某处出发去钓鱼) I regret to say that there is no wine