I.Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False.Sociolinguistics is the sub-discipline of linguistics that studies social contexts.Language as a means of social communication is a homogeneous system with a homogeneous group of speakers.Language use varies from one speech community to another， from one regional group to another， from one social group to another， and even from one individual to another.The goal of sociolinguistics is to explore the nature of language variation and language use among a variety of speech communities and in different social situations.5.The linguistic markers that characterize individual social groups may serve as social markers of group membership.6.From the sociolinguistic perspective， the term “speech variety” can not be used to refer to standard language， vernacular language， dialect or pidgin.7Functional speech varieties are known as regional dialects.8.The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its grammar and uses of vocabulary.9.Geographical barriers are the only source of regional variation of language.10.A persons social backgrounds do not exert a shaping influence on his choice of linguistic features.11.Two speakers of the same language or dialect use their language or dialect in the same way.12.Every speaker of a language is， in a stricter sense， a speaker of a distinct idiolect.13.The standard language is a better language than nonstandard languages.14.A lingua franca can only be used within a particular country for communication among groups of people with different linguistic backgrounds.15.Pidgins are linguistically inferior to standard languages.16.A pidgin usually reflects the influence of the higher， or dominant， language in its lexicon and that of the lower language in their phonology and occasionally syntax.17.The major difference between a pidgin and a creole is that the former usually has its native speakers while the latter doesnt.18.Bilingualism and diglossia mean the same thing.19.The kind of name or term speakers use to call or refer to someone may indicate something of their social relationship to or personal feelings about that individual.20.The use of euphemisms has the effect of removing derogatory overtones and the disassociative effect as such is usually long-lasting. II. Fill in each of the blanks below with one word which begins with the letter given.21.The social group isolated for any given study is called the speech c_.22.Speech v_ refers to any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker or group of speakers.23.From the sociolinguistic perspective， a speech variety is no more than a d_ variety of a language.24.Language standardization is also called language p_.25.Social variation gives rise to s_ which are sub-divisible into smaller speech categories that reflect their socioeconomic， educational， occupational background， etc.26.S_ variation in a persons speech or writing usually ranges on a continuum from casual or colloquial to formal or polite according to the type of communicative situation.27.A regional dialect may gain status and become standardized as the national or o_ language of a country.28.The standard language is a s_， socially prestigious dialect of language.29.Language varieties other than the standard are called nonstandard， or v_ languages.30.A pidgin typically lacks in i_ morphemes.31.Linguistic taboo reflects s_ taboo.32.The avoidance of using taboo language mirrors social attitudes， emotions and value judgments and has no l_ basis. III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.33. _ is concerned with the social significance of language variation and language use in different speech communities.A. PsycholinguisticsB. SociolinguisticsC. Historical linguisticsD. General linguistics 34. The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its _.A. use of wordsB. use of structuresC. accentD. morphemes35. _ is speech variation according to the particular area where a speaker comes from.A. Regional variationB. Language variationC. Social variationD. Register variation36. _ are the major source of regional variation of language.A. Geographical barriersB. Loyalty to and confidence in ones native speechC. Physical discomfort and psychological resistance to changeD. Social barriers37. _ means that certain authorities， such as the government choose， a particular speech variety， standardize it and spread the use of it across regional boundaries.A. Language interferenceB. Language changesC. Language planningD. Language transfer38. _ in a persons speech or writing usua