掌握猜词技巧 提升阅读能力 (3),山东菏泽一中 张伟英,近3年山东高考对猜测词义类型题目的考查情况,Question: How do you guess the meanings of the new words?,1. When he reached the place with his army，he found an impassable river in front of him 2.In the world of economic globalization , different nations are becoming more and more interdependent.,“无法通过的”,Part 1,“全球化”,impassable,impassable,1）利用构词法中的派生法（Derivation)-前缀/后缀 前缀一般不改变原有的词性，只改变词义；后缀通 常要改变词性，但词义基本上和原来的词根意义一致。,Skill 1 ：,3.Child labourers in Dickens novels were ill-treated 4.Francis Chichester sailed around the world single-handed.,5.We are on the night shift - from midnight to 8 a.m. - this week. Oh, my god, we are very tied.,“受虐待的”,“单枪匹马”,2）利用构词法中的合成法（compounding）,3）利用构词法中的转化法（conversion）,“掏空”,6.The author emptied all his pockets to find his ticket,夜班,1) What is plagiarism? It is using others ideas and words without clearly mentioning where the information is from. 2). Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. 3). Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.,Part 2,“剽窃”,“哑剧”,“语义学”,定语从句,同位语,4). The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 5). You may borrow from the library any periodicals: Time Magazine, News Weekly, Readers Digest , The New Yorkers.,“划时代的;有重大意义的”,“期刊, 杂志”,for example, for instance, namely, like,标点符号如: 括号( ) 冒号: 破折号-,Skill 2：,利用以各种形式给出的定义/ 解释/ 举例猜测词义,1) Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious. 2) Mother was tall and fat. The principal of the school was almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. 3) Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 4) Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they see on television.,Part 3,“模仿”,“健谈的”,“肥胖的”,“不利的，有害的”,1.,5) Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past.（07 广东A 篇 44 题） The underlined phrase stately homes means_. state-owned houses B. houses in very good condition C. grand houses open to the public D. houses where statesmen meet regularly,Skill 3:,1. 利用比较(近义）/并列关系关键词有similarly, likewise, just as, asas, also, or ,and 等。,1)Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.(谦虚的) 2)Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple ones，but we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve 3). Most of us agreed; however, Bill dissented.,2. 利用对比（反义）关系关键词有in contrast, on the contrary , unlike, however, but, despite, while,“目空一切 的，傲慢的”,“复杂的”,“不赞同”,2,1). Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others. 2). There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd.,3.利用因果关系关键词有 because, since, for, as, so，in order to, so as to, as a result, thus， therefore 等。,“独断专行的”,“挤，挤过”,3.,1). Without proper identification. Brain and Stewie stow away on a plane they think is leaving for England. （2007上海 B 篇 70题） The phrase “ stow away ” most probably means _. hide secretly B. talk excitedly C. operate easily D. guide successfully,Part 4,2). In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home. （07上海 D 篇 76题） “ Eco-friendly tents” refer to tents_ A. economically desirable B. favorable to environment C. for holding music performances D. designed for disaster relief,Skill 4:,利用上下文的语境,3. The reason why a country like Britain does not buy snow-ploughs (扫雪机）is that they are used for a few days in any one year, and the money could be more useful in other things such as hospital, education, helping the old and so on. The word “ they” refers to_. A. snowfalls B. British people C. snow-ploughs D. countries like Britain,1).Warm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest during the day, often staying in cool underground burrows. 2).The snake slithered through the grass. 3). Most of the flowers are beginning to wither because of the cold weather.,文化背景和生活常识,Skill 5 :,“地洞，洞穴”,“爬行”,“枯萎,凋谢”,Part 5,Conclusions: Skill1: Skill2: Skill3: Skill4: Skill5:,运用构词法,利用定义/解释/ 举例,利用各种逻辑关系,利用上下文语境,利用文化背景和生活常识,1.Fox was a university student in British Columbia when he became sick with bone cancer. Doctors had to amputate most of his right leg. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “ amputate” A. cure of B. cut off C. take away D. leave 2. People already use more than half of the worlds renewable fresh water. The word “ renew