“苔丝”的“反抗精神”,英美文学论文The Spirit of Revolt of Tess -Study in Tess of the DUrbervilles Thesis statement: Everyone knows that Tesss life is a great tragedy, but she is still a courageous woman who dares to fight by all means. In order to defeat the unfortunate fate she always resists the decadent society, the traditional concept, and the hypocrisy religion.Outline.Brief Introduction to Tess of the dUrbervillesA. Womens role in industrial movements during 19th century in EnglandB. A brief commentary of the novel1.the writer -Thomas hardy 2.general introduction of the novel.Tesss spirit of revolt all through her life A. Tesss fight to the moribund society 1. the moribund society 2. Tesss fight to the moribund societyB. Tesss resistance to the traditional moral concept 1. the traditional moral concept 2. Tesss resistance to the traditional moral conceptC. Tesss resistance to the hypocritical religion 1.the hypocritical religion in that time2. Tesss resistance to the hypocritical religionD. Tesss resistance to the unfortunate marriage1.Tesss unfortunate marriage 2. Tesss resistance to the unfortunate marriage.Conclusion: In a word, Tess has shown a powerful womans image to common people with her unyielding spirit of revolt. She, to the moribund society, traditional old morals, hypocritical religion, capitalist marriage system, has carried on the strongest revealing and criticism. Her kindhearted enlightenment, noble emotion, strong personality, and her resistance in imbuing all rooted in the hearts of the people forever, worth savoring. AbstractThis paper mainly focuses on the spirit of revolt of Tess. First of all, this paper begins with a brief introduction to the novel. Then, this paper makes a brief commentary of the novel. Moreover, it concentrates on :(1) Tesss fight to the moribund society. (2) Tesss resistance to the traditional moral concept. (3) Tesss resistance to the hypocritical religion. (4) Tesss resistance to the unfortunate marriage. And at last the paper reveals that Tess is actually a character with the spirit of revolt all through her life.key words:tragedy,Spirit of revolt,industrial movement,unfortunate fate内容提要本文研究的是小说主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”。首先，本文对小说的背景做了介绍。然后，对文本进行简要评论。再次，本文主要从以下四个方面对文本主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”进行集中讨论：(1) 苔丝对腐朽社会的抗争；(2) 苔丝对传统的道德观念的反抗；(3) 苔丝对伪善的宗教的反抗；(4) 苔丝对不幸婚姻的反抗。最后，揭示出苔丝整个人生经历中的反抗精神。 关键词：悲剧,反抗精神,工业运动,不幸命运IntroductionThe industrial revolution of the 19th century and the emergence of machinery to the work force sparked the womens movement in Europe. Therefore the excuse of the physical difference between men and women was no longer valid due to the replacement of the laborers (male) strong arms with machines. Women entered the work force. This was a turning point for womens social, political and cultural roles. The controlling power of the societies was very much interested in this new working group. Women did not have pre-defined expectations on workers rights and easily played into the hands of the controlling power. The male dominating power of the time was benefiting from the cheap labor provided by women. This change conflicted with the traditional role of women at home and in the family. The financial independence resulted by this social development led women to gain more confidence in society and created a condition for breaking the barriers towards freedom. The bourgeois ideologues feared the consequences of the womens freedom but could not ignore the economic benefit of this change. Therefore, they introduced the philosophy of equality so that they could continue the suppression of women in the name of religion and ethics. Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) was a Britains critical realism novelist and poet at the end of the 19th century. Father of his architect, he himself studied architecture too. He spent his most time in homeland, which was a special prefecture. Hardys creation period includes carrying out the transition to the stage of imperialism from non- monopoly capitalism. He sees that the capitalist system is to give help to the working people, especially who experienced misfortune and disaster, bring them to agriculture and show sympathy to them. His novel fill with his background in homeland, including the near prefecture district. This is an almost industrial at all farming region, but it is permeated by the capitalism too. Especially after the seventies, the invasion of the capitalism destroyed the whole countryside, make the foundation of the patriarchal clan system society of the countryside collapse completely. He has observed the agricultural crisis to fill in miserable consequence that the special prefecture causes in one, describe this regional peasants disaster received. But he explains the reason why the society changes with idealism, thinks what controlled peoples destiny is a kind of fill the will of the universe1. This is a view of fatalism.Hardys masterpiece Tess