商务英语翻译 第九章 主语的翻译 Chapter 9 Translation of Subject . 英汉主语的不同 1.It is unnecessary for you to worry about this. 2.Nanjing witnessed many great historic events. 3.Laziness makes it impossible for one to succeed. 4.这件事你不用操心。 5.在南京城发生过许多重大的历史事件。 6.懒惰的人不会成功。 英语是一种注重主语的语言（subject- prominent language）,而汉语则是注重主题的语 言(topic-prominent language)。具体地说，汉语 经常采用主题述题（topiccomment）的句 式，主语的句法功能弱，有时还不容易识别； 英语主语的句法功能强，几乎都采用主语谓 语（subjectpredicate）的句式，主语是整个 句子最关键的成份。 中国人有“天人合一”的观点，强调人与自然 的浑然一体，因而汉语句子习惯以人作主语 或无主语。英美人则较强调客观，因而英语 句子主语常以物或抽象观念做主语。 e.g. : 她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。 It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man. (强调客观事实“他不诚实”) She has never thought that he is a dishonest man.（强调主观印象） 众所周知，中国在1980年成功地发射了第一颗 洲际导弹。 As is known to all, 1980 saw the successful launching of Chinas first intercontinental guided missile. 我一时记不起他的名字。 原译I cant remember his name. 改译His name escapes me for the moment. 汉语中很多成分都可做主语，英语则不然。 汉语的六种主语： 1）名词性主语 2）动词性主语，如“走行，不走也行。” 3）表时间处所和条件的词语 4）介词引出动作者作主语，如“由主席召集会议 5）别的介词短语 6）主谓结构做主语 英语主语： 1) 名词或具有名词性质的词 2）主格人称代词 针对英语句子多物称主语的现象，在英译 汉时，宜将英语的物称主语根据上下文变 通为汉语的人称主语，或转译成汉语句子 的其他成分，如状语、谓语、宾语等。 英语句子主语的翻译技巧 It is unnecessary for you to worry about this. 这件事你不用操心。 His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. 因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。 In country after country, talk of nonsmokers rights is in the air. 在各个国家，人们纷纷谈论们纷纷谈论 着不吸烟者的权权利 。 无论汉语原句是典型的主题述题结构还是 与英语类似的主动宾结构，假如直接把 原文的主题或主语取作译文的主语后，译文 显得生硬，句子结构不平衡，或者与上下文 在语气上不连贯，那么就要设法把原文其他 成分，也许是名词、形容词、副词或动词， 取作译文的主语。 汉语句子主语的翻译技巧 懒惰的人不会成功。 A lazy person will never succeed. (依照原 文结构) Laziness makes it impossible for one to succeed. （懒惰） Laziness makes success impossible. 昨天他们表演得很成功。 They performed very successfully yesterday. Their performance yesterday was a success. 中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。 Great changes have taken place in China. China has witnessed tremendous changes. 人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。 a. It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints. b. We cant judge people from their appearance, just as we cant measure the ocean by pints. 中国自七十年代末实行改革开放政策以来，服务行业 平均每年以10.9的幅度增长。 Since the introduction of the reform and open-door policy in the late 1970s, Chinas service sector has grown at an average rate of 10.9% per annum. Since, China has enjoyed an average annual growth rate of 10.9% in its service sector. The reform and open-door policy, introduced in the late 1970s, has given Chinas service sector an average annual growth rate of 10.9%. An average annual growth rate of 10.9% has been achieved in Chinas service sector since the introduction of the reform and open-door policy in the late 1970s. 起大风了。 Its blowing hard. 只有发生奇迹才能挽救公司倒闭的命运。 a. Only a miracle can save the company from going bankrupt. b. Nothing short of a miracle could save the company from bankruptcy. 汉语无主句的翻译技巧 各位代表： 回顾五年成就，令人鼓舞；展望未来发展，催 人奋进。（温家宝：政府工作报告，2008.3.5） Fellow deputies, Looking back, we are encouraged by the achievements of the past five years. Looking ahead, we see an exciting future for China. 今年年底将落实机构改革方案，把政府工作人员 的人数减少一半。 An institutional restructuring plan involving a 50% reduction in the number of government functionaries will be put in place at the end of the year. 不怕一万，只怕万一。 a. Though it is unlikely that anything unpleasant will happen, youd better take precautions. (添加泛指的you作主语，但显得 冗长) b. You can never be too careful. c. It is always wise to play safe. (b & c. 意思相同，但形式有别，运用英语习惯 表达法，属于整体翻译技巧) Examples in the textbook