句子的分类： 按句子使用的目的可分为四类： 1.陈述句 2.疑问句 3.祈使句 4.感叹句 按句子结构可分为三类： 1.简单句 2.并列句 (and, but ,or, so, for ) 3.复合句 复合句 名词性 从句 形容词 性从句 副词性 从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 定语从句 状语从句 句子成分的划分： 主语，谓语，宾语，定语，状语，表语， 同位语，宾语补足语 常见的系动词有： seem, appear, look, taste, smell, feel, sound, become, turn, get, go, remain, keep, fall, stay 复合句： 1.定语从句限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句 2.名词性从句 主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句 3.状语从句 时间; 原因; 地点; 条件;让步;结果 目的; 方式; 比较( 9种) 注意： 1）名词性从句一定要用陈述句语序 2）名词性从句的判断：做什么成份就是什么从句 3）选择引导词的方法观察引导何种从句 引导的从句中缺少什么成份 4） 定语从句一定在先行词后面 判断下列名词性从句： 1.Where she has gone is not known yet. 2.We can learn what we did not know. 3.The question is who can complet the difficult task. 4.The news that our team has won the match is true. 5 .He will talk to us about what he saw in the U.S - - - - - 定语从句和表语从句的关系： He is no longer the naughty boy _ he used to be. He is no longer _ he used to be. Is this factory _we visited last week. Is this room _ Lu Xun once lived. Is this the school_ you visited yesterday? that what the one (that) the one where that/ which what where Have a try: 1.Do you know_? A. how he is old B.how is he old C. how old is he D. how old he is 2.That is _ Ive seen and heard. A.what B. all which C, all what D. that all 3._ you go or stay at home wont make any difference. A.If B. When C. That D, whether 4.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A, that what B. what that C. that D. whether Answers:D A D A 1. 主语从句 连词：that / whether; 代词：who / what / which; 副词：when / where / how / why That he was able to come to the party made us happy. Whether he will come or not is still a question. What we need is more time. Where he has gone is not known yet. Who will go makes no difference. Which team will win the game is not clear. How the prisoner escaped is a complete mystery. Why he didnt come wasnt quite clear. When well have the sports meet hasnt been decided yet. Whom the teacher will praise in class is an important question. Whose answer is correct will be discussed at the meeting. that引导的主语从句，that不做句子成分，但不能省略 ， He is sure to come. That he will come is sure. 由that引导的主语从句，一般用it作形式主语，因此上 面这个句子可改为 It is certain that he is sure to come. Whether he will come is not sure. 2. 表语从句： 连词：that / whether / as if (though) 代词：who / what / which ; 副词：when / where / how / why The question is who can complete the difficult task. The problem is whether he will come to the party. The difficulty is that he wont help us. He looks as if he were going to cry. It seems as if it is going to rain. 注意： 1.that引导表语从句一般不能省略 2.if不能引导表语从句。 3. 宾语从句： 连词：that / whether / if; 代词：who / whom / whose / what / which ; 副词：when / where / how / why We can learn what we didnt know. Do you know whom they are waiting for? We find it necessary that we practise speaking English every day. We consider it our duty that we should help the disabled. You may depend on what he gives you. A theatre has been built in what used to be a school. 1) I told him that what the teacher said was true.（宾语从句中套着主语 从句） that和what都不可省， that引导宾语从句， what引导主语从句. The doctor told the possibility that if he gave up the operation he would die. 并列的 that 引导的宾语从句，第一个可以省，其 他的不能省。 He told me (that) he received a present and that he would give it to me. 4.在有些名词如idea, thought, news, fact, report, promise , message,opinion, word, belief,wish, hope等后面，可以用that 引导一个 从句，来解释说明名词的内容，叫同位语从句. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别在于：定语从句是用 来修饰先行词（名词或代词），相当于一个形容词 ；而同位语从句和先行词的关系是等同的，只起到 连接的作用，不作句子成分，但不能省略。 The news _ our team won excited me. The news _he told me excited me. that that/ which The news that well hold the sport meet next week is known to all. I expressed the hope that he would come to visit our school again. The fact that he didnt attend the meeting surprised me, I have no idea when she will be back. .ever 既可引导主语从句,也可引导状语从句 No matter只能引导状语从句 Whoever leaves last should turn off the lights.(主语 从句) (Anybody who) No matter who(Whoever) you are, you should obey the law.（状语从句） _ happens, you shouldnt change your mind. _ breaks the law will be punished. No matter what/ Whatever Whoever/ Anyone who that 和 whether的区别： Im sure that he will come. Im not sure whether he will come. I doubt whether he will come. I dont doubt that he will come. 区别 whether/if 1) 置于句首，引导主语从句，只能用whether 2) 与or not 连用，只能用whether I dont know whether or not hell come. 3) 做介词宾语时，只能用whether That will depend on whether it rains. 4) 和 to do 不定式连用，只能用whether 3) I dont know when/ whether to leave. 4) 5) 引导同位语或表语从句时，多用whether 5) 6)Whether you watch TV or play, you mustnt disturb me. ( no matter whether) I wonder _ daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside. Im sure