色彩学的概念、常识（The concept of color science, common sense）The concept of color science, common senseThe 2009-07-21Color typeRich and varied colors can be divided into two broad categories, colorless and colored:1. Colorless system without color refers to the various shades of grey that are formed by white, black and white black. Without color according to certain change rule, can form a series, from white gradient to light gray, medium ash, dark gray to black, chromaticity call this black and white series. The black and white range from white to black can be represented by a vertical axis, one end is white, one end is black, and there is a variety of grey in the middle. Pure white is ideal completely reflected object, pure black is ideal completely absorbed object. However, in real life there are no pure white and pure black objects, and the white and lead white used in pigment can only be close to pure white, and the coal black can only be close to pure black. There is only one basic property of colorless colors - lightness. They do not have the properties of hue and purity, which means that their hue and purity are theoretically equal to zero. The brightness of color can be expressed in black and white, the closer to white, the higher the brightness; The closer the black, the lower the brightness. Black and white as pigment, can adjust the reflectivity of the object color, so that the object color improves brightness or reduces brightness.Color refers to the colors of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue and violet. Red orange and green blue and purple tones of different lightness and purity belong to the color system. Color is determined by the wavelength and amplitude of the light, the wavelength determines the hue, and the amplitude determines the hue.Basic features of colorThere are three basic properties of color: color, purity (also called colour degree, saturation) and lightness. In color science also is called the three main elements of color or the three attributes of color.1. The color phase is the largest feature with color. The so-called color phase refers to the ability to accurately represent the name of a certain color. Such as rosy, orange, lemon yellow, cobalt blue, green, green. In optical physics, colors are determined by the spectral composition of the light that shoots everyones eye. For monochromatic light, the face of the hue depends entirely on the wavelength of the light; For mixed colors, it depends on the relative amount of light at all wavelengths. The color of an object is determined by the spectral composition of the light source and the reflection (or transmission) of the objects surface.2. Purity of color (colour degree, saturation) refers to the purity of color, which indicates the proportion of color components in color. The proportion that contains colour composition is bigger, the purity of colour is higher, the proportion that contains color composition is smaller, the purity of color also is lower. The monochromatic light of the visible spectrum is the most pure color and is the ultimate purity. Purity changes when a color is mixed with black, white or other colors. When the color of the admixture reaches a large proportion, in the eye, the original color will lose the original luster, and become the blending color. , of course, this does not mean that no longer exists in which the admixture of the color of the original colors, but because a lot of mixed other color to make the original pigment assimilation, the eye has never come out feeling.The color of colored objects is related to the surface structure of the object. If the surface is rough, its diffuse reflection will reduce the purity of color; If the surface of the object is smooth, then the full reflection will make the color more vivid.The degree of lightness is the brightness of color. A variety of colored objects have a bright and dark color because of the difference in their reflected light. The lightness of colour has two kinds of situation: one is the same colour is different brightness. Like a color bright under the glare of the bright light, the dim light is dimness and faintness; Adding black or white to the same color can produce a variety of different shades of light. The second is the brightness of various colors. Each solid color has its corresponding brightness. Yellow lightness is highest, blue violet is lowest, red and green are intermediate. The brightness of color often affects the purity,If red is added to black, the brightness will decrease, and the purity will decrease. If the red and white is increased, the purity is reduced.There are three characteristics of color hue, purity and brightness, which must be considered simultaneously.Color physiology theory: the wrong vision and illusion of colorWhen the visual stimulation of external objects stops, the image on the retina of the eye does not immediately disappear. This visual