If you say the word “communication”, most people think of words and sentences. We use “learned” body language when we are introduced to strangers. Look at these sentences from the passage. The sentences from the passage 1. describe common situations 2. describe impossible situations 3. use if or when to introduce the situation 4. explain the result of the situation in the other part of the sentence 5. use the present simple tense in both parts of the sentence Now tick the true statements. 引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if, 由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种 条件下某事很可能发生。 e.g. If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请他帮忙, 他会帮你的。 If you fail in the exam, you will let him down. 如果你考试不及格, 你会让他失望的。 另外, if从句还表示不可实现的条件或 根本不可能存在的条件, 也就是一种虚 拟的条件或假设, 从句多用一般过去时 或过去完成时。 e.g. If I were you, I would invite him to the party. 如果我是你, 我会邀请他参加聚会。 I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic. 如果没有堵车, 我会到的早一点儿。 其他引导词: 1. unless conj. 除非, 若不, 除非在的时候 e.g. You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier. 如果你不早点动身, 你就不能及时赶 到那儿。 Unless it rains, the game will be played. 除非下雨, 比赛将照常进行。 2. on condition (that). 在条件下, 如果 on condition (that).引导的条件从句是主 句事件发生的前提条件或唯一条件。 e.g. I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret. 我可以告诉你真相, 条件是你答应 保守秘密。 You can go swimming on condition (that) you dont go too far from the river bank. 你只有在不远离河岸的条件下才可以下 水游泳。 e.g. Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting? 倘若下雨, 我们的运动会还要继续 举行吗? Supposing something should go wrong, what would you do then? 假如出了什么问题, 你准备怎么办? 3. supposing conj. 如果, 假如 supposing引导的条件从句表示一 种_。假设条件 4. provided conj. 假如, 除非, 以为条件 provided (that) + 从句, 表示一种假设 条件。 e.g. He will sign the contract provided we offer more favorable terms. 如果我们提出更优惠的条件, 他就 会在合同上签字。 He wont be against us in the meeting provided that we ask for his advice in advance. 如果我们提前征求一下他的意见, 他 就不会在会上反对我们。 另外还有in case, as/so long as等。 e.g. In case it rains, do not expect me. 如若下雨, 就不要等我了。 As long as you promise to come, Ill wait for you until you come. 只要你答应, 我就等你来。 从上述例句可以看出if, unless, on condition (that), supposing, provided等 词引导的条件状语从句, 主从句条件关 系分明, 结构清晰。 在条件状语从句中, 用_代 替_, _代替 _。 一般现在时 一般将来时一般过去时 过去将来时 但有些句子, 虽没有含条件关系的连词, 却也隐含着条件关系, 这些句子常用一 些词, 如but for, without等引出一个介 词结构来表示条件, 条件常常是虚拟的, 或与事实相反的假设。 but for 若非, 要不是 e.g. But for the rain, we should have a pleasant journey. 要不是下雨, 我们的旅行肯定会很愉 快的。 But for your help, we should not have finished in time. 要不是你帮忙, 我们肯定不能及时完 成任务。 Find more examples of sentences with if or when in the passage. 1) If our right hand is busy greeting someone, it cannot be holding a weapon. 2) If you shake hands with someone, you show you trust them. 3) We shake hands when we make a deal. 4) When we greet someone, we put the right hand over the left and bow slightly. a. If you meet someone you usually shake his/her hand. b. What shall I do if Im invited to dinner? c. Unless youre very unlucky youll soon think of something. Look at the sentences and answer the questions. 1. Which sentence refers to a normal everyday situation? 2. Which sentence refers to a possibility in the future? 3. Which word in the third sentence means if not? 1. a 2. b 3. unless 1. If you _ a cake, your host _ very pleased. (take, be) 2. Unless the weather _ better, I _ at home. (get, stay) 3. He _ home early if he _ well. (go, not feel) take will be gets will stay will go doesnt feel Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 4. What _ I _ if they _ about politics? (do, talk) 5. If you _ your hand, the taxi _. (raise, stop) 6. I _ anything unless he _ me. (not say, ask) raise will stop will not say asks shalldotalk 1. Are you thinking about going to New York for the holiday? No. But if I _the time, I would definitely go. A. have B. had C. have had D. would have B Choose the best answers. 2. If you _ this experiment, you will understand the theory better. A. will be doing B. have done C. will have done D. would do B 3. The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining B 4 . Shall Brown come and play computer games? No, _ he has finished his homework. A. when B. if C. unless D. once C 1. Whatever you do, dont leave immediately after the meal is finished. a. It is important to leave immediately after the meal has finished. b. Dont do anything after the meal has finished. Read the sentences and choose the correct meaning. c. You can do anything you like after the meal has finished. d. It is important not to leave immediately after the meal has finished. 2. However hungry you are, you shouldnt start