化工设备机械基础试题库（Chemical equipment, machinery foundation, test question bank）Chemical equipment, machinery foundation, test question bankFill in the blanksFundamentals of mechanics1. under the action of external force, the basic form of deformation of the member is axial tension, compression, shear, torsion and bending.2., as far as the external force is concerned, the difference between the shear straight rod and the bent beam is that the shear line is very close to the outer force, and the line is far from the bending and lateral force acting on the two lines.3. from the engineering sense, the destruction of the material can be divided into two categories, one is brittle fracture, the first or the two strength theory to explain the reason of the damage; the other is yield damage, should use third or four strength theory to explain the cause of its failure.Common materials and anticorrosion of chemical equipment4. carbon steel and cast iron are ferrous plastic materials, while cast iron is a typical brittle material. Alloys with carbon, but they have very distinct performance differences, and low carbon steels are typical5. carbon steel and cast iron are alloys of iron and carbon. In general, the performance of steel elements is harmful sulfur and phosphorus, the harmful role in sulfur mainly make the steel hot short, make the steel cold brittle P.6. carbon steel and cast iron in the main chemical elements, in addition to iron, as well as carbon 2.11% when carbon steel; if the composition of the alloy carbon content greater than 2.11% is cast iron. If the composition of the alloy is less than the carbon content7. in terms of carbon content of steel, the main difference between making pressure vessel steel and making machine parts steel is to make containers made of low carbon steel and to make medium carbon steels for machine parts. The main reason is that the low carbon steel has good plasticity and weldability, and the medium carbon steel can improve its comprehensive mechanical properties by quenching and tempering.Film theory8. from the stress point of view, the same thickness, internal diameter and internal pressure are the same as the spherical container, which is superior to the cylindrical adjective. The two directions are the same as the circumferential stress, while the circumferential (circumferential) 2 times. The cylindrical container is a spherical vessel with different stresses9. the conical shell with gas pressure increases the film stress on the shell with the increase of the distance from the cone top, the stress at the top of the cone is zero, and the maximum stress is at the bottom of the cone.10., the ratio of the length of the elliptical head to the length of the minor axis is equal to 2. The maximum tensile stress of the head is at the apex of the elliptical shell, and the maximum compressive stress is located at the equator of the shell.11. the maximum tensile stress of the standard elliptical head is located at the apex of the elliptical shell, and the maximum compressive stress at the equator of the shell appears. The absolute value is equal to the maximum tensile stress.12., the two basic characteristics of edge stress are local and self limiting.13. the connection point between the conical shell and the cylindrical shell at A is the first principal curvature radius of the conical shell, and the radius of the second principal curvature is.The radius of the first principal curvature of the B point at the top of the cone is second, and the radius of the principal curvature is.Pressure vessel design14., the national standard of steel pressure vessel in our country is GB150-1998 steel pressure vessel.15., the national standard for steel pressure vessel design in our country follows the name of steel pressure vessel GB150-1998. The standard number is16. for pressure vessel shell with welded steel, with its diameter as the nominal diameter, if the pressure vessel cylinder is a seamless steel pipe for direct interception of the specified diameter steel pipe as the nominal diameter.The nominal 17. rolled steel vessel diameter is the diameter and nominal diameter of the pipe is container making its diameter; the nominal pipe diameter is the inner diameter of the pipe or the outer diameter of pipes, a numerical but corresponds to the pipe diameter of the.18. shell forming after excluding the minimum thickness of the corrosion allowance, for carbon steel, low alloy steel pressure vessel, not less than 3mm; 2mm is not less than for high alloy steels for pressure vessels.19. corrosion of metal materials can be divided into uniform corrosion and non-uniform corrosion according to the form of damage. Uniform corrosion is considered in the design phase of the container and the corrosion margin can be considered to ensure the strength of the vessel.20. calculation design pressure Pc, pressure P,